The role of antipredator behavior in an experimental community of jumping spiders with intraguild predation

Okuyama, Toshinori

doi:10.1007/s101440200014

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Nevertheless, combined with widely documented antipredator behavior (e.g. Schultz 1981, Lima and Dill 1990, Okuyama 2002, Stoks et al 2003, our result strengthens the hypothesis that such a behavior is a key explanatory factor for the IGP paradox. Furthermore, there are more effects associated with this adaptive behavior which are not captured in our model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition to theoretical support for the importance of adaptive foraging behaviors, there is compelling empirical evidence that antipredator behavior (one of the most prevalent adaptive behavior) is quantitatively important in many food webs (Schmitz 1998, Okuyama 2002. One important aspect of antipredator behavior in food webs is that it creates trait-mediated indirect interactions.…”

Section: Analysis Of Adaptive Foraging In An Intraguild Predation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption is reasonable when the basal prey are sessile or not very vigilant (e.g. Okuyama 2002). The foraging effort of intermediate predators is denoted by C N , which can be considered as a foraging activity, such as foraging time, that directly influences the risk of predation and resource intake.…”

Section: Adaptive Foraging Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system

Okuyama

Ruyle

2003

Web Ecol.

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An intraguild predation (IGP) system with adaptive foraging behavior was analyzed using a simple mathematical model. The main aim was to explore how the adaptive behavior affects species interactions as well as how such interactions derived from adaptive behavior affect community stability. The focal system contained top predators, intermediate predators, and basal prey. Intermediate predators exhibit antipredator behavior and balance costs (e.g. perceived predation risk) and benefits (e.g. resource intake) to determine their foraging effort. Density-dependent foraging behavior with the unique connectance of the IGP food web created unusual species interactions. Notably, increased prey density can transmit negative indirect effects to top predators while increased top predator density transmits positive indirect effects to prey population. The nature of these interactions is density-dependent. The results suggest that both IGP (as opposed to linear food chain) and adaptive foraging behaviors may strongly influence community dynamics due to emergent interactions among direct effects and indirect effects. Furthermore, the adaptive foraging of intermediate predators may stabilize the community as a whole

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Analysis Of Adaptive Foraging In An Intraguild Predation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system

Okuyama

Ruyle

2003

Web Ecol.

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“…Both of these responses will increase their survivorship and reduce salamander impacts on tadpoles (basal prey), which may allow intraguild predation to persist. Evidence of such positive, indirect top-predator effects on basal prey that are mediated by the adaptive plasticity in intermediate predators in response to top predators is mounting (Soluk 1993, Okuyama 2002, Rudolf 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top‐down effects on antagonistic inducible defense and offense

Kishida

Trussell

Nishimura

2009

Ecology

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Abstract. Antagonistic phenotypic plasticity may strongly influence trait evolution in tightly interacting predator-prey pairs as well as the role that trait plasticity plays in community dynamics. Most work on trait plasticity has focused on single predator-prey pairs, but prey must often contend with multiple predators in natural environments. Hence, a better understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of phenotypic plasticity requires experiments that examine how multiple predators shape prey trait plasticity.Here, using a simple food chain consisting of a top predator (dragonfly larvae, Aeshna nigroflava), an intermediate predator (salamander larvae, Hynobius retardatus), and frog (Rana pirica) tadpoles as prey, we show that the presence of dragonfly risk cues substantially modifies the intensity of antagonistic morphological plasticity in both amphibians. In the absence of dragonflies, tadpoles produced bulgier bodies in response to salamanders, and salamanders responded to this defense by enlarging their gape size. However, in the presence of dragonfly risk cues, the expression of both antagonistic traits was significantly reduced because tadpoles and salamanders produced phenotypes that are more effective against dragonfly predators. Thus, the reduced antagonism likely emerged, in part, because the benefits of antagonistic trait expression were outweighed by the potential cost of increased vulnerability to dragonfly predation. In addition, our results suggest that when all three species were present, salamander activity levels, which influence the amount of signals required to induce antagonistic traits, were more strongly affected by dragonfly risk cues than were tadpole activity levels. This species-specific difference in activity levels was likely responsible for the reduced tadpole mortality caused by salamanders in the presence vs. absence of dragonfly risk cues. Hence, dragonflies had a positive trait-mediated indirect effect on tadpoles by modifying both the morphological and behavioral traits of salamanders.

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“…Yasuda & Kimura (2001) also showed that the development of the young larvae of both H. axyridis and C. septempunctata was slowed in the presence of the crab spider Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabricius), while older larvae of H. axyridis were not affected. Okuyama (2002), studying IGP among jumping spiders, demonstrated that IGP risk generated an indirect trait-mediated effect on the intraguild prey by decreasing its foraging activity. Such sublethal effects may alter coexistence of predators (survival, migration) in the system and aphid biological control.…”

Section: Igp Risk and Sublethal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraguild predation among aphidophagous predators

Lucas¹

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

150

142

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Abstract. Since the publication of papers by Polis et al. (1989Polis et al. ( , 1992, intraguild predation (IGP) has been considered in numerous systems and a growing number of papers have been published, demonstrating the ubiquity and the importance of this interaction. It appears that aphidophagous guilds constitute especially favourable systems for IGP. Temporal and spatial distributions of aphids promote interactions, such as IGP, among natural enemies. However, despite extensive laboratory and field studies, several questions remain to be answered: Which traits of the different protagonists of the system may promote or hamper the occurrence of IGP? How do ants tending aphids modulate the interaction? How should one consider the "sub-lethal" effects (and the defensive mechanisms) associated with the risk of IGP? May IGP disrupt or enhance aphid control? These different issues are discussed by focusing on the predatory species in the complex system of aphidophagous guilds. It appears that, first, IGP may constitute one of the main forces influencing the structure and dynamics of aphidophagous guilds, and therefore it has to be taken into account in research studies, and second, because of the ephemeral nature of aphid colonies and the great number of species belonging to aphidophagous guilds, understanding all the implications of the interaction, both direct and indirect, constitutes a very complex task.

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The role of antipredator behavior in an experimental community of jumping spiders with intraguild predation

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system

Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system

Top‐down effects on antagonistic inducible defense and offense

Intraguild predation among aphidophagous predators

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