The role of beryllium deuteride in plasma-beryllium interactions

Doerner, R.; Baldwin, M.J.; Buchenauer, D.; Temmerman, G. De; Nishijima, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.187

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The increased roughness of fine-scale grass-like surface structures can lead to a higher fraction of promptly re-deposited Be atoms, reducing the net erosion by a factor of 2-3. This effect is similar to the enhanced prompt re-deposition found on rough surfaces in 13 CH 4 tracer injection experiments in the TEXTOR tokamak (figure 5 in [6]). The second effect reducing the Be sputtering is the dilution of beryllium by hydrogen in the interaction layer and the less efficient change of the momentum direction of the incident particles necessary for sputtering.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Again, a parallel can be drawn to the 13 CH 4 experiments in TEXTOR with an increased sputtering of carbon when deposited on heavy tungsten (figure 12 in [7]). Calculations by the TRIM code predict a reduction of Be sputtering by a factor of 4 for a 50% concentration of deuterium in the surface [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…At T TDS of 500 -600 K a further peak is observed. This peak is attributed to the decomposition of beryllium deuteride, BeD 2 , which is formed either during the sample exposure or during the TDS temperature ramp through the transition from the supersaturation states [9,10,13]. The existence of the low-energy trapping sites can explain the scatter of data for similarly high fluences but different exposure temperatures in [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erosion, formation of deposited layers and fuel retention for beryllium under the influence of plasma impurities

et al. 2014

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The impact of argon as a seeded plasma impurity on the plasma-material interaction properties of beryllium was studied in the PISCES-B linear plasma device. When exposed to pure deuterium plasma, the surface of beryllium forms a fine-scale grass-like structure and contains a significant fraction of deuterium, leading to the reduction of the sputtering yield.An argon fraction in plasma of 10% prevents the formation of rough surface and reduces the deuterium retention in the beryllium target by >50%. Consequently, the beryllium sputtering yield in the presence of argon remains at a level close to the prediction by the binary collision code TRIM. The total retention of deuterium in co-deposited layers remains at a similar level when argon is added, since a higher amount of deposited Be is compensated by a lower D/Be value. Aluminium also forms a fine-scale surface structure and displays a reduction of the effective sputtering yield when exposed to pure deuterium plasma and can therefore be considered as a non-toxic proxy for studying selected plasma-material interaction properties of beryllium.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erosion, formation of deposited layers and fuel retention for beryllium under the influence of plasma impurities

et al. 2014

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“…the Eurofer steel envisaged for DEMO [2,3]) for some portions of the main wall may then come into consideration. Erosion of first-wall materials is an inevitable consequence of the impact of hydrogen and its isotopes as main constituents of the hot plasma [4,5]. Besides the formation of gas-phase atomic species in various charge states, also molecular species are expected to be formed via PWI processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron impact ionisation cross sections of iron oxides

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We report electron impact ionisation cross sections (EICSs) of iron oxide molecules, FexOx and FexOx+1 with x = 1, 2, 3, from the ionisation threshold to 10 keV, obtained with the Deutsch-Märk (DM) and binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) methods. The maxima of the EICSs range from 3.10 to 9.96 × 10 −16 cm 2 located at 59-72 eV and 5.06 to 14.32 × 10 −16 cm 2 located at 85-108 eV for the DM and BEB approaches, respectively. The orbital and kinetic energies required for the BEB method are obtained by employing effective core potentials for the inner core electrons in the quantum chemical calculations. The BEB cross sections are 1.4-1.7 times larger than the DM cross sections which can be related to the decreasing population of the Fe 4s orbitals upon addition of oxygen atoms, together with the different methodological foundations of the two methods. Both the DM and BEB cross sections can be fitted excellently to a simple analytical expression used in modelling and simulation codes employed in the framework of nuclear fusion research.

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“…the Eurofer steel envisaged for DEMO [3,4]) for some portions of the main wall may then come into consideration. Erosion of first-wall materials is a consequence of the impact of hydrogen and its isotopes as main constituents of the hot plasma [5,6]. Besides the formation of gas-phase atomic species in various charge states, also di-and polyatomic molecular species are expected to be formed via PWI processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron impact ionisation cross sections of iron hydrogen clusters

et al. 2016

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Abstract.We computed electron impact ionisation cross sections (EICSs) of iron hydrogen clusters, FeHn with n = 1, 2, . . . , 10, from the ionisation threshold to 10 keV using the Deutsch-Märk (DM) and the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) formalisms. at 51 eV for the DM method. Cross sections calculated via the BEB method are substantially higher than the ones obtained via the DM method, up to a factor of about two for FeH and FeH2. The formation of Fe-H bonds depopulates the iron 4s orbital, causing significantly lower cross sections for the small iron hydrides compared to atomic iron. Both the DM and BEB cross sections can be fitted perfectly against a simple expression used in modelling and simulation codes in the framework of nuclear fusion research. The energetics of the iron hydrogen clusters change substantially when exact exchange is present in the density functional, while the cluster geometries do not depend on this choice.

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The role of beryllium deuteride in plasma-beryllium interactions

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Erosion, formation of deposited layers and fuel retention for beryllium under the influence of plasma impurities

Erosion, formation of deposited layers and fuel retention for beryllium under the influence of plasma impurities

Electron impact ionisation cross sections of iron oxides

Electron impact ionisation cross sections of iron hydrogen clusters

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