The Role of Biofilms in Medical Devices and Implants

Srivastava, Ankita; Chandra, Niharika; Kumar, Sunil

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8_11

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Biofilms, surface-attached bacterial aggregation, have been found to be 1000 × more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts (Mah and O'Toole, 2001;Hall-Stoodley et al, 2008). Biofilms have been noted as emerging problems in medicine, especially on medical devices and implants (Braxton et al, 2005;Ehrlich et al, 2005aEhrlich et al, ,b, 2014Stoodley et al, 2005;Fux et al, 2006;Wolcott and Ehrlich, 2008;Nowatzki et al, 2012;Palmer et al, 2014;Srivastava et al, 2019). During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the shortage of personal protection equipment (PPE) enforced the usage of 3D printed technology to produce face shields and facemasks (Flanagan and Ballard, 2020;Swennen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials

Hall

Palmer

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Recent advances in 3D printing have led to a rise in the use of 3D printed materials in prosthetics and external medical devices. These devices, while inexpensive, have not been adequately studied for their ability to resist biofouling and biofilm buildup. Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of biofouling in the medical field and, therefore, hospital-acquired, and medical device infections. These surface-attached bacteria are highly recalcitrant to conventional antimicrobial agents and result in chronic infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and medical officials have considered 3D printed medical devices as alternatives to conventional devices, due to manufacturing shortages. This abundant use of 3D printed devices in the medical fields warrants studies to assess the ability of different microorganisms to attach and colonize to such surfaces. In this study, we describe methods to determine bacterial biofouling and biofilm formation on 3D printed materials. We explored the biofilm-forming ability of multiple opportunistic pathogens commonly found on the human body including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus to colonize eight commonly used polylactic acid (PLA) polymers. Biofilm quantification, surface topography, digital optical microscopy, and 3D projections were employed to better understand the bacterial attachment to 3D printed surfaces. We found that biofilm formation depends on surface structure, hydrophobicity, and that there was a wide range of antimicrobial properties among the tested polymers. We compared our tested materials with commercially available antimicrobial PLA polymers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials

Hall

Palmer

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Bacterial biofilms are found in abundance in nature—these microbial communities, which are often characterized by a complex, self-secreted extracellular matrix, readily form on various natural and synthetic surfaces. Biofilms’ relatively low susceptibility to anti-microbial treatments makes them a major cause for concern in many fields including the food industry—due to contamination [ 1 ], healthcare—due to infections [ 2 ] and maritime transport—due to their formations on ship hulls [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography and Expansion Patterns at the Biofilm-Agar Interface in Bacillus subtilis Biofilms

2020

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Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities which are formed on various natural and synthetic surfaces. In contrast to bacteria in their planktonic form, biofilms are characterized by their relatively low susceptibility to anti-microbial treatments, in part due to limited diffusion throughout the biofilm and the complex distribution of bacterial cells within. The virulence of biofilms is therefore a combination of structural properties and patterns of adhesion that anchor them to their host surface. In this paper, we analyze the topographical properties of Bacillus subtilis’ biofilm-agar interface across different growth conditions. B. subtilis colonies were grown to maturity on biofilm-promoting agar-based media (LBGM), under standard and stress-inducing growth conditions. The biofilm-agar interface of the colony type biofilms was modeled using confocal microscopy and computational analysis. Profilometry data was obtained from the macrocolonies and used for the analysis of surface topography as it relates to the adhesion modes present at the biofilm-agar interface. Fluorescent microspheres were utilized to monitor the expansion patterns present at the interface between the macrocolonies and the solid growth medium. Contact surface analysis reveals topographical changes that could have a direct effect on the adhesion strength of the biofilm to its host surface, thus affecting its potential susceptibility to anti-microbial agents. The topographical characteristics of the biofilm-agar interface partially define the macrocolony structure and may have significant effects on bacterial survival and virulence.

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“…Biofilms aid microbes to easily adhere to indwelling medical devices (IMDs) such as contact lenses, central venous catheters, mechanical heart valves, peritoneal dialysis catheters, prosthetic joints, pacemakers, urinary catheters, voice prostheses, intravascular catheters, dental inserts, breast implants, and orthopedic inserts are a potential risk of drug-resistant pathogens for patients following these devices. 13 , 14 Biofilms in the endotracheal tubes of mechanically ventilated patients act as a protective shield against host immunity and can induce chronic and recurrent infections that resist commonly prescribed drugs. 15 …”

Section: The Burden Of Biofilm In the Hospital Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…prostheses, intravascular catheters, dental inserts, breast implants, and orthopedic inserts are a potential risk of drugresistant pathogens for patients following these devices. 13,14 Biofilms in the endotracheal tubes of mechanically ventilated patients act as a protective shield against host immunity and can induce chronic and recurrent infections that resist commonly prescribed drugs. 15 S. epidermidis has emerged as an important cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, which can mainly occur through colonization and adherence to medical devices such as central venous catheters because of their inherent capacity to form biofilms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biofilm-Associated Multi-Drug Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Review

Assefa¹,

Amare²

2022

IDR

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Biofilm-related multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) that increase patient morbidity and mortality rates and economic burdens such as high healthcare costs and prolonged hospital stay. This review focuses on the burden of bacterial biofilm in the hospital settings, their impact on the emergence of MDR in the HAIs, biofilm detection methods, recent approaches against biofilms, and future perspectives. The prevalence of biofilm-associated MDR among HAIs ranges from 17.9% to 100.0% worldwide. The predominant bacterial isolates causing HAIs in recently published studies were S. aureus , A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae , and P. aeruginosa . In addition to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods to detect biofilm formation, advanced PCR-based techniques have been performed for detecting biofilm-associated genes. Although there are suggested therapeutic strategies against biofilms, further confirmation of their efficacy for in vivo application and antibiotics targeting biofilm-associated genes/proteins to minimize treatment failure is required for the future.

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The Role of Biofilms in Medical Devices and Implants

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials

Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials

Topography and Expansion Patterns at the Biofilm-Agar Interface in Bacillus subtilis Biofilms

Biofilm-Associated Multi-Drug Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Review

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