The role of Blockchain in DDoS attacks mitigation: techniques, open challenges and future directions

Abstract

With the proliferation of new technologies such as Internet of Things (IOT) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in the recent years, the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack vector has broadened and opened new opportunities for more sophisticated DDoS attacks on the targeted victims. The new attack vector includes unsecured and vulnerable IoT devices connected to the internet, denial of service vulnerabilities like southbound channel saturation in the SDN architecture. Given the high-volume and pervasive nature of these attacks, it is beneficial for stakeholders to collaborate in detecting and mitigating the denial of service attacks in a timely manner. The blockchain technology is considered to improve the security aspects owing to the decentralized design, secured distributed storage and privacy. A thorough exploration and classification of blockchain techniques used for DDoS attack mitigation is not explored in the prior art. This paper reviews and categorizes the existed state-of-the-art DDoS mitigation solutions based on blockchain technology. The DDoS mitigation techniques are classified based on the solution deployment location i.e. network based, near attacker location, near victim location and hybrid solutions in the network architecture with emphasis on the IoT and SDN architectures. Additionally, based on our study, the research challenges and future directions to implement the blockchain based DDoS mitigation solutions are discussed. We believe that this paper could serve as a starting point and reference resource for future researchers working on denial of service attacks detection and mitigation using blockchain technology.

Protecting Cloud Infrastructure from DDOS Assaults the use of Blockchain to Achieve Cloud Security

“…Some researchers reviewed the effects of DDoS attacks on IoT, prevention mechanisms and solutions to mitigate DDoS attacks in IoT. In the focus of authors is on the DDoS attacks at the network layer; however, Chaganti et al (2022) discussed technologies on an IoT protocol stack to mitigate DDoS attacks, such as IPv6, IEEE 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, etc. However, Shah et al (2022) did not mention blockchainbased solutions that mitigate DDoS attacks.…”

“…For example, the IDS vendor interoperability to support the blockchain technology is needed in enterprise environment. Denial of service attacks detection at the IDS level is too late and might already congest the edge network communication channels or the content delivery network communications (Chaganti et al, 2022). Yeh et al (2020), Shafi and Basit (2019) and Hajizadeh et al (2020) discussed the threat information sharing including DDoS threat data among the collaborators for secure data sharing using blockchain based smart contracts technology and decentralized data storage.…”

“…But, the Hyperledger caliper is used to implement the threat information sharing among the organizations. Each organization may have the SDN controller to run the blockchain application and act as a blockchain node for updating the threat information in other nodes (Chaganti et al, 2022). Pavlidis et al (2020) proposed a blockchain based network provider collaboration for DDoS mitigation.…”

“…But the machine learning application on the network traffic requires infrastructure and computation capabilities, and ownership responsibility to allocate the resources need to be addressed. Any specific entity like ISP, security service providers will not be interested to perform data analytics unless they have any monetary benefits or business advantages (Chaganti et al, 2022).…”

APP innovation to Control Projects Risks Management during Crises

“…Nerella et al [13] developed a model based on color decomposition techniques, a new way to perform visual color and encryption using wavelet technology and uses wavelet technology to convert a color image to a gray image that the important feature .…”