The Role of CD4+ T Cells and Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Asthma

Jeong, Jiung; Lee, Kyung-Mi

doi:10.3390/ijms222111822

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…However, ZSS could effectively relieve these changes to improve the CVA symptoms. Relevant studies have proved that the onset of CVA is not only related to the classical Th1/Th2 balance but also regulated by Th17/Treg immune balance from multiple perspectives [ 34 , 35 ]. Based on the important role of inflammatory response and T-cell differentiation in the ZSS treatment of CVA, inflammatory cytokines, and Th17 cell differentiation, in particular, we furthermore found that the mechanism of ZSS in improving CVA symptoms was closely related to the regulation of Th17/Treg immune balance and related cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration in the Mechanism of Zhisou San for the Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology

Guo

Hao

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Cough variant asthma (CVA) has no definitive diagnosis or pathogenic causes, and there is currently no effective and safe treatment. Methods. The network pharmacology was employed to investigate possible targets of Zhisou San (ZSS) in CVA treatment. The main chemical constituents of seven herbs in ZSS were collected based on the TCMSP. To explain the main mechanism, we sequentially screened the targets of each active ingredient and constructed the network of “herb-ingredient-target-disease.” The core targets of ZSS were further confirmed by the molecular docking analysis. Furthermore, pulmonary function, histopathology, and biochemical assays in mice were used to investigate the effect of ZSS on the treatment of CVA. Results. A total of 137 active ingredients and 86 potential targets for the ZSS in the treatment of CVA were screened, which were connected with the regulation of inflammatory response and immune balance, such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and other signaling pathways closely related to the pathogenesis of CVA. Thereinto, 29 core targets contained 8 of the highest scores and could evidently bind to components such as stigmasterol, quercetin, stemoninine B, luteolin, and β-sitosterol predicted by molecular docking. Furthermore, experiments in vivo were conducted for further validation that ZSS had essential effects on lung function and histopathology as well as the inflammatory state in CVA mice, which was significantly related to regulating the Th17/Treg immune balance to reduce inflammation as the important pharmacological mechanism. Conclusion. This study revealed that ZSS has multicomponent and multipathway characteristics of ZSS in the treatment of CVA, which was primarily associated with inflammation and Th17/Treg immune balance. This study provides a scientific foundation for systematically elaborating the pharmacological activities and mechanism of ZSS, as well as explaining the reliability of the TCM compatibility theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration in the Mechanism of Zhisou San for the Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology

Guo

Hao

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Section: Chronic Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease caused by allergens, including house dust mite (HDM), pollen, and animal dander ( Jeong and Lee, 2021 ). Patients with asthma exposed to allergens complain of respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and wheezing due to airway stenosis ( Jeong and Lee, 2021 ). The lung tissue of asthma patients is characterized by mucus secretion via goblet cell hyperplasia and the infiltration of various immune cells, including eosinophils and neutrophils ( Jeong and Lee, 2021 ).…”

Section: Chronic Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Autophagy in the Function of CD4+ T Cells and the Development of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2022

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Uncontrolled acute inflammation progresses to persistent inflammation that leads to various chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. CD4+ T cells are key immune cells that determine the development of these chronic inflammatory diseases. CD4+ T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses by producing cytokines and effector molecules. These functional roles of T cells vary depending on the surrounding inflammatory or anatomical environment. Autophagy is an important process that can regulate the function of CD4+ T cells. By lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic materials, autophagy mediates CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses, including cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, through canonical processes involving autophagy machinery, autophagy also contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a targeted intervention of autophagy processes could be used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the role of autophagy via CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of such diseases. In particular, we explore the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in the regulation of CD4+ T cell metabolism, survival, development, proliferation, differentiation, and aging. Furthermore, we suggest that autophagy-mediated modulation of CD4+ T cells is a promising therapeutic target for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.

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“…Asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) ( 29 , 30 ). It is well-known that different subsets of T helper (Th) cells are critical for the pathogenesis of asthma ( 31 , 32 ). In addition to classic Th1 and Th2 cells, a number of studies have suggested that Th9, Th17, Th22, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in asthma ( 33 , 34 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-36 Cytokines: Their Roles in Asthma and Potential as a Therapeutic

Dong

Hao

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 superfamily, which consists of three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) and an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 cytokines are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokine expression are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. The present study provides a summary of recent reports on IL-36 cytokines that participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and the potential mechanisms underlying their roles in asthma. Abnormal levels of IL-36 cytokines are associated with the pathogenesis of different types of asthma through the regulation of the functions of different types of cells. Considering the important role of IL-36 cytokines in asthma, these may become a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment. However, existing evidence is insufficient to fully elucidate the specific mechanism underlying the action of IL-36 cytokines during the pathological process of asthma. The possible mechanisms and functions of IL-36 cytokines in different types of asthma require further studies.

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The Role of CD4+ T Cells and Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Asthma

Cited by 33 publications

References 148 publications

Exploration in the Mechanism of Zhisou San for the Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology

Exploration in the Mechanism of Zhisou San for the Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology

The Role of Autophagy in the Function of CD4+ T Cells and the Development of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

IL-36 Cytokines: Their Roles in Asthma and Potential as a Therapeutic

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