The role of co-activation in strength and force modulation in the elbow of children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Brændvik, Siri Merete; Roeleveld, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.10.002

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Braendvik and Roeleveld (2012) also found increased co-contraction of the muscle antagonist to the spastic one in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children, finding however no support for the influence of that phenomenon on force control. The authors infer thus the co-contraction has a role in movement stability.…”

Section: 2muscle Co-contraction In Motor Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Muscle co-contraction patterns in robot-mediated force field learning to guide specific muscle group training

Pizzamiglio

Desowska

Shojaii

et al. 2017

NRE

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Section: 2muscle Co-contraction In Motor Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Muscle co-contraction patterns in robot-mediated force field learning to guide specific muscle group training

Pizzamiglio

Desowska

Shojaii

et al. 2017

NRE

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“…The sEMG activity was measured on the TB of a total of 402 subjects, and 262 and 140 subjects were used for the purpose of rehabilitation and sports performance, respectively. The studies on rehabilitation utilised sEMG electrodes to measure the TB activity of patients of stroke [21][22][23][24], spinal cord injury [25][26][27][28], cerebral palsy [29], gait disorder [8,30], fatigue injury [20,31], and joint stability injury [17] during their trials. In contrast, the sports-based studies applied sEMG electrodes to measure the TB activity of athletes during the following sports activities: tennis [32][33][34], karate [35,36], pole vaulting [37], swimming [38,39], and dart throwing [40].…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the following movement: reaching out from a starting position, picking up a cylinder, and returning it to the starting position Seventeen of the studies used bipolar or triode silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) sEMG electrodes, one study [39] utilised bipolar gold sEMG electrodes, and one study [29] applied polycarbonate sEMG electrodes for the recording of the EMG activity on the TB. In addition, one study used a linear array of four silver bar sEMG electrodes [32].…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other studies placed single differential polycarbonate sEMG electrodes [29] and parallel bar nickel silver sEMG electrodes [27] using an interelectrode distance of 20 mm. With respect to the anatomical location on the lateral head of the TB, nine of the studies [21,23,25,28,29,[33][34][35]37] followed the SENIAM guidelines described by Hermens et al [41,48], one of the studies [36] used the instructions provided by Basmajin and De Luca [2], one of the studies [24] applied the recommendations given by Cram et al (1998) [45], one of the studies [27] specified the muscle belly along the long axis, and one of the studies [31] indicated the muscle belly for the purpose of electrode placements.…”

Section: Lateral Head Of the Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sEMG electrodes composed of various metals have been applied to measure the TB activity in several of the studies that are reported in the present study. Based on these studies, we can classify sEMG electrodes based on their composition of various metals: Ag/AgCl [23,30,35], gold [39], silver [32], nickel silver [27], and polycarbonate [29]. Most of the studies included in this study applied a bipolar surface electrode of Ag/AgCl recording system for the measurement of TB activity because the Ag/AgCl metallic electrodes is highly stable and present the lowest noise interface with respect to other metallic electrodes [41].…”

Section: Materials Shape and Size Of Surface Electromyography Electmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Observations in Surface Electromyography Recording of Triceps Brachii Muscle in Patients and Athletes

Ali

Sundaraj

Ahmad

et al. 2014

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To observe and analyse the literature on the use of surface electromyography electrodes, including the shape, size, and metal composition of the electrodes used, the interelectrode distance, and the anatomical locations on the muscle at which the electrodes are placed, for the observation of the triceps brachii muscle activity in patients and athletes. METHODS: We searched the ScienceDirect and SpringerLink online databases for articles published in the English language during the last six years (between January 2008 and December 2013). We specifically searched for the keywords "EMG" and "triceps brachii" in the full text of each of the articles. The inclusion criteria were articles on the use of surface electromyography electrodes to observe the activity of the triceps brachii muscle in patients and athletes. RESULTS: In the 23 selected articles, the activities of the triceps brachii muscle in a total of 402 subjects were measured using surface electromyography electrodes: 262 subjects in the studies that focused on the rehabilitation of patients with various disorders, and 140 subjects in the studies that focused on the sports performance of various athletes. To record the surface electromyography activity of the triceps brachii muscle, the electrodes were placed over the muscle belly or the three heads (lateral, long, and medial) of the triceps brachii muscle with diverse interelectrode distances. Seventeen studies used bipolar or triode silver/silver chloride electrodes, one study utilised bipolar gold electrodes, one study applied bipolar polycarbonate electrodes, one study used a linear array of four silver bar electrodes, one study utilised DELSYS parallel bar nickel silver electrodes, and two studies did not clearly mention the composition of the electrodes used. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar silver/silver chloride circular-shaped electrodes are utilised more frequently than electrodes with a different metal composition and shape. The anatomical locations of the triceps brachii muscle that mainly considered for electrode placement are the lateral, long, and medial heads. A 10-mm electrode size is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity more efficiently. However, we found that an electrode size of up to 40 mm may be used to reliably measure the sEMG activity on the triceps brachii muscle. A 20-mm interelectrode distance is commonly used to measure the sEMG activity using the above mentioned muscle locations and silver/silver chloride electrodes. We also identified others factors that should be taken into account for the use of the sEMG recording technique on the triceps brachii under real-time conditions.

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Intercostal nerve transfer in management of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in brachial plexus birth palsy

Misra,

Takagi,

Yamaguchi

et al. 2024

Microsurgery

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ObjectiveBrachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) is often caused by traction during birth. In some cases, reinnervation occurs during spontaneous recovery and it causes involuntary co‐contraction between antagonistic muscles. When it comes up between the biceps and triceps muscles, smooth active motion of the elbow joint is impaired. We are presenting outcomes of intercostal nerve (ICN) to radial nerve transfer to minimize elbow motion abnormality due to co‐contraction.MethodsWe present five cases (two males and three females) of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in BPBP patients treated from 2005 to 2018. The mean age at surgery was 9.36 years (range, 4.8–16.4 years). They were treated by ICNs transfer to motor branch of the radial nerve to the triceps muscle. Preoperative electromyography was done in all cases to confirm biceps and triceps co‐contraction and to assess the contractile status of both muscles. A 10‐s flexion extension test was done pre and postoperatively to assess the efficacy of our procedure.ResultsThe postop course was uneventful. No donor site morbidity or respiratory complications were recorded in any patient. The mean postoperative follow‐up period was 83.9 months (range, 53.6–135.5 months). At the final follow‐up, elbow flexion was M4 in the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading scale in all five patients and elbow extension was graded M4 or M4− in all five patients. There was significant increase in the 10 s flexion extension test results delineating the effectiveness of the procedure.ConclusionsICNs transfer to motor branch of the radial nerve to the triceps muscle for management of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in BPBP is a good option with minimal morbidity and good success rate.

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The role of co-activation in strength and force modulation in the elbow of children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Muscle co-contraction patterns in robot-mediated force field learning to guide specific muscle group training

Muscle co-contraction patterns in robot-mediated force field learning to guide specific muscle group training

Recent Observations in Surface Electromyography Recording of Triceps Brachii Muscle in Patients and Athletes

Intercostal nerve transfer in management of biceps and triceps co‐contraction in brachial plexus birth palsy

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