The Role of Co-injected Helium on Swelling and Cavity Evolution at High Damage Levels in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels

Promoting the Regulatory Acceptance of Combined Ion and Neutron Irradiation for Material Degradation in Nuclear Reactors

“…Uncertainty in the temperature distribution during ion irradiation primarily arises from the fluctuations in ion beam flux during the experiment. Careful control of the ion beam flux can limit temperature variations to a 95% uncertainty of ±7-8°C [312,313]. Conversely, ion irradiations are subject to contamination from the vacuum environment, an artifact not common to reactor environments.…”