The role of copper pretreatment on the morphology of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition

Gnanaprakasa, Tony J.; Gu, Yuanxi; Eddy, S.; Han, Zhenxing; Beck, Warren; Muralidharan, Krishna; Raghavan, Srini

doi:10.1016/j.mee.2014.10.021

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Apparently, the AR-Cu has a really rough surface with the root mean square (RMS) roughness of 20.30 nm. As reported, both thermal annealing and electro-polishing can effectively smoothen the surface [ 12 , 18 , 27 , 37 ], reducing the surface roughness to 5.62 nm and 4.27 nm, respectively. In addition, a combination of thermal annealing and electro-polishing, i.e., either thermal annealing after electro-polishing or electro-polishing after thermal annealing, can further reduce the surface roughness to 2.01 nm and 0.80 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preparation of Ultra-Smooth Cu Surface for High-Quality Graphene Synthesis

et al. 2018

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As grown graphene by chemical vapor deposition typically degrades greatly due to the presence of grain boundaries, which limit graphene’s excellent properties and integration into advanced applications. It has been demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between substrate morphology and graphene domain density. Here, we investigate how thermal annealing and electro-polishing affects the morphology of Cu foils. Ultra-smooth Cu surfaces can be achieved and maintained at elevated temperatures by electro-polishing after a pre-annealing treatment. This technique has shown to be more effective than just electro-polishing the Cu substrate without pre-annealing. This may be due to the remaining dislocations and point defects within the Cu bulk material moving to the surface when the Cu is heated. Likewise, a pre-annealing step may release them. Graphene grown on annealed electro-polished Cu substrates show a better quality in terms of lower domain density and higher layer uniformity than those grown on Cu substrates with only annealing or only electro-polishing treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preparation of Ultra-Smooth Cu Surface for High-Quality Graphene Synthesis

et al. 2018

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“…The catalyst plays an important role in the CVD process. We generally use Cu [5,24,25], Ni [6,23], Pd [49], Ru [57], and Ir [58], as the metal base material for the preparation of graphene. As we know, different metal base materials have a different effect on the preparation of graphene, so the metal substrate is the key factor to determine the growth of graphene.…”

Section: Choice Of Metal Base Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other methods, such as mechanical exfoliation of graphite [12][13][14], liquid-phase exfoliation [15,16], and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) [17,18], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is regarded as the most promising way for large-scale graphene production at a large scale with low defects, good uniformity, and controlled number of graphene layers, which has attracted intense research attention during the last decades [19][20][21][22]. CVD involves the activation of gaseous reactants and the subsequent chemical reaction, followed by the formation of a stable solid deposit over a suitable substrate such as Ni [6,23], Cu [5,24,25], Fe [26], Pt [27,28], or their alloys [29,30]. As early as 1969, Robertson et al [31] discovered that chemical vapor deposition in the presence of methane produces a layer of graphite on some transition metal surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Wang¹,

Vinodgopal²,

Dai³

2019

Chemical Vapor Deposition for Nanotechnology

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There has been continuous progress in the development of different synthesis methods to readily produce graphene at a lower cost. Compared with the other methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an effective and powerful method of producing graphene and has attracted increased attention during the last decade. In this way, we can obtain good uniformity with a multitude of domains, excellent quality, and large scale of the produced graphene. Meanwhile, it is also helping for large-area synthesis of single-crystal graphene. In the CVD method, precursors are typically absorbed on the surface followed by pyrolytic decomposition, which leads to the generation of absorption sites on the surface and promotes the growth of continuous thin films.

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“…The copper foil is initially cleaned with solvents, electrochemically polished and then annealed at a high temperature to remove impurities. The detailed growth condition and structural information of the CVD graphene can be found elsewhere [20]. Since the graphene sample size is larger than the CPW signal-ground spacing, an additional exposure is implemented so that the unwanted graphene is trimmed by plasma cleaning.…”

Section: B Test Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Microwave Characterization of CVD Grown Graphene

Tuo

et al. 2016

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Abstract-Linear and nonlinear microwave properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene are characterized by incorporating a co-planar waveguide (CPW) transmission line test structure. The intrinsic linear transport properties (S-parameters) of the graphene sample are measured and extracted via a de-embedding procedure and then fitted with an equivalent circuit model up to 10 GHz. A statistical uncertainty analysis based on multiple measurements is implemented to estimate the error of the extracted graphene linear parameters as well. Nonlinear properties (second-and third-order harmonics as a function of fundamental input power) of the sample are also measured with a fundamental input signal of 1 GHz. Clear harmonics generated from graphene are observed while no obvious fundamental power saturation is seen. The measured nonlinearity is applied in a graphene patch antenna case study to understand its influence on potential applications in terms of third-order intermodulation levels.

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The role of copper pretreatment on the morphology of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Preparation of Ultra-Smooth Cu Surface for High-Quality Graphene Synthesis

Preparation of Ultra-Smooth Cu Surface for High-Quality Graphene Synthesis

Large-Area Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Nonlinear Microwave Characterization of CVD Grown Graphene

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