The Role of Crosstalk between Adipose Cells and Myocytes in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly

Zamboni, Mauro; Mazzali, Gloria; Brunelli, Anna; Saatchi, Tanaz; Urbani, Silvia; Giani, Anna; Rossi, Andrea; Zoico, Elena; Fantin, Francesco

doi:10.3390/cells11213361

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Furthermore, aging might promote sex-specific body fat accretion, function, and distribution patterns. For instance, fat mass accretion peaks at 65 to 75 in men, occurring later in women [ 19 , 51 ]. While aging-induced redistribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is acknowledged, evidence of a higher capacity of VAT expandability in the female sex and lower macrophage infiltration in the liver compared to male has emerged from animal studies [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, studies on skeletal mass indexes have yielded diverse results with some reporting a protective effect of muscle mass against MetS only in non-obese patients [ 14 , 15 ], while others have shown this trend regardless of BMI status [ 11 , 16 , 17 ]. The intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and lean tissues, such as skeletal mass, liver, and pancreas [ 18 , 19 ], suggests the importance of considering the interaction between fat and lean body components [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Lean-to-Fat Mass Ratio and Cardiometabolic Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Valencia,

Castillo-Paredes,

Gibaja-Arce

et al. 2024

J Clin Med Res

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health threat, significantly impacting Latin America. Cardiometabolic abnormalities (CAs), encompassing lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, and blood pressure, contribute to CVD prevalence. Despite high CA incidence, research in Latin America has primarily focused on traditional adiposity indices, overlooking the intricate relationship between fat and lean body components. The study aimed to analyze the association between the lean-to-fat mass ratio (LFMR) and CAs in the adult Peruvian population. Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study using secondary data from the PERU MIGRANT study (2007, 989 participants). The main outcome variable was CA defined as having ≥ 2 out of six metabolic components (high triglycerides, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin resistance, and high C-reactive protein). The main exposure variable LFMR was divided into tertiles. A generalized linear model was used with log link and robust variance Poisson family to calculate crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results A total of 959 adults aged 30 years or older were included in the analysis (53% females). The prevalence of CA was 50.9%. Females aged 30 - 44 years old showed statistically significant inverse associations for the middle (aPR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42 - 0.78) and highest (aPR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.35) LFMR categories. Similar trends were seen for females aged 45 - 59 years and ≥ 60 years, and males aged 30 - 44 years, while for males aged 45 - 59 years, only the middle LFMR category was associated. No statistically significant association between LFMR and CA was found among old males. Conclusions LFMR was negatively associated with CA, among the Peruvian adult population. These findings underscore the relevance of LFMR in understanding cardiometabolic health disparities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Lean-to-Fat Mass Ratio and Cardiometabolic Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Valencia,

Castillo-Paredes,

Gibaja-Arce

et al. 2024

J Clin Med Res

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“…Myofibrosis and myosteatosis are considered two interrelated mechanisms of muscular damage associated with aging and/or obesity [34,35]. Thus, it would not be surprising to hypothesize that these two phenomena could also be related in the heart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Fibrosis and Steatosis in Patients with Aortic Stenosis: Roles of Myostatin and Ceramides

Zoico,

Giani,

Saatchi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Aortic stenosis (AS) involves progressive valve obstruction and a remodeling response of the left ventriculum (LV) with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The roles of interstitial fibrosis and myocardial steatosis in LV dysfunction in AS have not been completely characterized. We enrolled 31 patients (19 women and 12 men) with severe AS undergoing elective aortic valve replacement. The subjects were clinically evaluated, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed pre-surgery. LV septal biopsies were obtained to assess fibrosis and apoptosis and fat deposition in myocytes (perilipin 5 (PLIN5)), or in the form of adipocytes within the heart (perilipin 1 (PLIN1)), the presence of ceramides and myostatin were assessed via immunohistochemistry. After BMI adjustment, we found a positive association between fibrosis and apoptotic cardiomyocytes, as well as fibrosis and the area covered by PLIN5. Apoptosis and PLIN5 were also significantly interrelated. LV fibrosis increased with a higher medium gradient (MG) and peak gradient (PG). Ceramides and myostatin levels were higher in patients within the higher MG and PG tertiles. In the linear regression analysis, increased fibrosis correlated with increased apoptosis and myostatin, independent from confounding factors. After adjustment for age and BMI, we found a positive relationship between PLIN5 and E/A and a negative correlation between septal S’, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and fibrosis. Myostatin was inversely correlated with GLS and ejection fraction. Fibrosis and myocardial steatosis altogether contribute to ventricular dysfunction in severe AS. The association of myostatin and fibrosis with systolic dysfunction, as well as between myocardial steatosis and diastolic dysfunction, highlights potential therapeutic targets.

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“…However, co-culturing these different cell types has faced challenges because of their mutual influence [ 33 ]. Similarly to the in vivo conditions where adipose and muscle tissues are in a physical and functional relationship [ 34 , 35 ], in an in vitro co-culture system, such a cross talk can strongly influence the outcome of the culture itself [ 26 ]. Thus, several authors have underlined the influence adipocytes growing near muscle fibers can exert in vitro, mainly impairing myogenesis [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: The Cross Talk Between Adipose and Muscle Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a More Realistic In Vitro Meat: The Cross Talk between Adipose and Muscle Cells

Pallaoro

Modina

Fiorati

et al. 2023

IJMS

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According to statistics and future predictions, meat consumption will increase in the coming years. Considering both the environmental impact of intensive livestock farming and the importance of protecting animal welfare, the necessity of finding alternative strategies to satisfy the growing meat demand is compelling. Biotechnologies are responding to this demand by developing new strategies for producing meat in vitro. The manufacturing of cultured meat has faced criticism concerning, above all, the practical issues of culturing together different cell types typical of meat that are partly responsible for meat’s organoleptic characteristics. Indeed, the existence of a cross talk between adipose and muscle cells has critical effects on the outcome of the co-culture, leading to a general inhibition of myogenesis in favor of adipogenic differentiation. This review aims to clarify the main mechanisms and the key molecules involved in this cross talk and provide an overview of the most recent and successful meat culture 3D strategies for overcoming this challenge, focusing on the approaches based on farm-animal-derived cells.

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The Role of Crosstalk between Adipose Cells and Myocytes in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly

Cited by 16 publications

References 196 publications

The Association Between Lean-to-Fat Mass Ratio and Cardiometabolic Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

The Association Between Lean-to-Fat Mass Ratio and Cardiometabolic Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Myocardial Fibrosis and Steatosis in Patients with Aortic Stenosis: Roles of Myostatin and Ceramides

Towards a More Realistic In Vitro Meat: The Cross Talk between Adipose and Muscle Cells

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