15The oxidation of natural polysaccharides by TEMPO has become by now an "old chemical 16 reaction" which led to numerous studies mainly conducted on cellulose. This regioselective 17 oxidation of primary alcohol groups of neutral polysaccharides has generated a new class of 18 polyuronides not identified before in nature, even if the discovery of enzymes promoting an 19 analogous oxidation has been more recently reported. Around the same time, the scientific 20 community discovered the surprising biological and techno-functional properties of these 21 anionic macromolecules with a high potential of application in numerous industrial fields. The 22 objective of this review is to establish the state of the art of TEMPO chemistry applied to 23 polysaccharide oxidation, its history, the resulting products, their applications and the 24 associated modifying enzymes. 25

No abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in many advanced nanotechnologies, due to their versatile, easy and cheap preparations combined with peculiar chemical-physical properties. Their increased production and integration in environmental applications including water treatment raise concerns for their impact on humans and the environment. An eco-design strategy that makes it possible to combine the best material performances with no risk for the natural ecosystems and living beings has been recently proposed. This review envisages potential hybrid solutions of AgNPs for water pollution monitoring and remediation to satisfy their successful, environmentally safe (ecosafe) application. Being extremely efficient in pollutants sensing and degradation, their ecosafe application can be achieved in combination with polymeric-based materials, especially with cellulose, by following an eco-design approach. In fact, (AgNPs)–cellulose hybrids have the double advantage of being easily produced using recycled material, with low costs and possible reuse, and of being ecosafe, if properly designed. An updated view of the use and prospects of these advanced hybrids AgNP-based materials is provided, which will surely speed their environmental application with consequent significant economic and environmental impact.