The role of cytokines in orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

One of the most important breakthroughs in the understanding of bone biology was the identification of the role of cytokines in bone remodelling including the alveolar bone exposed to the effect of mechanical forces during orthodontic treatment. Since bone remodelling is associated, in its early phase, with inflammation of the surrounding tissue, the hypothesis has been suggested on the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the process of bone remodelling, primarily IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha. These cytokines function as response mediators in the acute phase of inflammation, as well as in the processes of metabolism, and stimulation of resorption and inhibition of bone formation. Mostly uninvestigated, the dynamics of concurrent changes of these three cytokines during the early phase of orthodontic teeth movement in children and adults was the subject of our investigation presented in this article on the current knowledge on the role of cytokines in this process.

The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in animal model: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“… 1 In the early phase of TM, inflammatory cytokines play a critical role, and in acute phase, cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, alveolar cells were involved. 2 To address this, there is an increased tendency to find safe and effective methods to accelerating tooth movement. Different supplemental ways were introduced to accelerate tooth movement, including vitamin-D3, prostaglandins, parathyroid hormone, relaxin, laser therapy, vibrational stimulation, resonance vibration, and direct electrical current.…”

Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults

“…Cytokines are the first factors that influence the stimulation or inhibition of the biomechanical reactions that appear during the orthodontically induced inflammation. The cytokines involved in the bone remodeling process are interleukin 1 (α, β), interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) [9].…”