The role of dietary nitrate and the oral microbiome on blood pressure and vascular tone

Al-Zahrani, Hassan S.; Jackson, Kim G.; Hobbs, Ditte; Lovegrove, Julie A.

doi:10.1017/s0954422420000281

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…1), oral bacteria participate in the production of nitric oxide. Pathological changes in the composition of oral bacteria in patients with periodontitis may lead to a reduction in the production of nitric oxide, which in turn may contribute, apart from other mechanisms described, to an increase in blood pressure [7][8][9].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Arterial Hypertension In Patients With Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontitis, Blood Pressure, and the Risk and Control of Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Aspects—Review of the Literature and Clinical Trials

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In the world, about 45% of people suffer from arterial hypertension, while good blood pressure control is achieved by only approximately 50% of all hypertensive patients treated. The reason for the high prevalence of arterial hypertension and its poor control is low knowledge of hypertensinogenic factors. One such factor is periodontitis, which is a disease of social importance. Recent Findings It has been shown that the occurrence of periodontitis leads to an increase in blood pressure, increasing the risk of arterial hypertension. Periodontitis can also lead to ineffectiveness of antihypertensive treatment. Some interventional studies have shown that treatment of periodontitis reduced blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in periodontitis is complex and concerns mainly the impairment of the vasodilatation properties of the endothelium. Summary Hygiene and periodontitis treatment should be a method of preventing arterial hypertension and a method of increasing the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Arterial Hypertension In Patients With Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this activity, these bacteria are an important source, in addition to endogenous synthesis, of nitric oxide (Fig. 1), which is characterized by vasodilator properties [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontitis, Blood Pressure, and the Risk and Control of Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Aspects—Review of the Literature and Clinical Trials

et al. 2021

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“…These include individual characteristics such as age [124,125], health [126] and exercise training status [40,49], sex [14], genetic factors [127], and differences in the oral microbiome (explored further in Section 5 of this review). In addition, betweenparticipant differences in potentially plastic lifestyle factors such as smoking status [128], use of mouthwash [129], and habitual diet [49,130] might also impact an individual's response to NO 3 − . We briefly review the impact of these variables on the effects of NO 3 − below.…”

Section: Research Focus 4: Inter-individual Differences In the Response To Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

Shannon

Easton

Shepherd

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3−) is a polyatomic ion, which is present in large quantities in green leafy vegetables and beetroot, and has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a potential health-promoting dietary compound. Numerous small, well-controlled laboratory studies have reported beneficial health effects of inorganic NO3− consumption on blood pressure, endothelial function, cerebrovascular blood flow, cognitive function, and exercise performance. Translating the findings from small laboratory studies into ‘real-world’ applications requires careful consideration. Main body This article provides a brief overview of the existing empirical evidence basis for the purported health-promoting effects of dietary NO3− consumption. Key areas for future research are then proposed to evaluate whether promising findings observed in small animal and human laboratory studies can effectively translate into clinically relevant improvements in population health. These proposals include: 1) conducting large-scale, longer duration trials with hard clinical endpoints (e.g. cardiovascular disease incidence); 2) exploring the feasibility and acceptability of different strategies to facilitate a prolonged increase in dietary NO3− intake; 3) exploitation of existing cohort studies to explore associations between NO3− intake and health outcomes, a research approach allowing larger samples sizes and longer duration follow up than is feasible in randomised controlled trials; 4) identifying factors which might account for individual differences in the response to inorganic NO3− (e.g. sex, genetics, habitual diet) and could assist with targeted/personalised nutritional interventions; 5) exploring the influence of oral health and medication on the therapeutic potential of NO3− supplementation; and 6) examining potential risk of adverse events with long term high- NO3− diets. Conclusion The salutary effects of dietary NO3− are well established in small, well-controlled laboratory studies. Much less is known about the feasibility and efficacy of long-term dietary NO3− enrichment for promoting health, and the factors which might explain the variable responsiveness to dietary NO3− supplementation between individuals. Future research focussing on the translation of laboratory data will provide valuable insight into the potential applications of dietary NO3− supplementation to improve population health.

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“…The oral microbiome modulate oral immunity, but also the gut microbiome [ 46 ]; it can induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, leading to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and systemic inflammation [ 46 , 48 , 84 , 107 ]. Moreover, inorganic nitrate, found in high concentrations in meat, vegetables such as beets, lettuce and spinach and drinking water [ 118 , 119 ], has been studied as a potential prebiotic for oral microbiota [ 120 ]. In a clinical study focused on the cardiovascular benefits of dietary nitrates, oral bacterial profiles were measured [ 121 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Imbalances of the oral microbiota and dysbiosis have traditionally been linked to the occurrence of teeth and oral diseases. However, recent findings indicate that this microbiota exerts relevant influence in systemic health. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is implicated in the apparition and progression of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and other major human diseases. In fact, the oral microbiota are the second most diverse and largely populated microbiota of the human body and its relationships with systemic health, although widely explored, they still lack of proper integration. The purpose of this systematic review is thus to widely examine the implications of oral microbiota in oral, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases to offer integrative and up-to-date interpretations. To achieve that aim, we identified a total of 121 studies curated in PUBMED from the time interval January 2003–April 2022, which after careful screening resulted in 79 studies included. The reviewed scientific literature provides plausible vias of implication of dysbiotic oral microbiota in systemic human diseases, and encourages further research to continue elucidating the highly relevant and still poorly understood implications of this niche microbiota in systemic health. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022299692. This systematic review follows relevant PRISMA guidelines.

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The role of dietary nitrate and the oral microbiome on blood pressure and vascular tone

Cited by 19 publications

References 107 publications

Periodontitis, Blood Pressure, and the Risk and Control of Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Aspects—Review of the Literature and Clinical Trials

Periodontitis, Blood Pressure, and the Risk and Control of Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Aspects—Review of the Literature and Clinical Trials

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

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