The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

Olguı́n, Hugo Juárez; Guzmán, David Calderón; García, Ernestina Hernández; Mejía, Gerardo Barragán

doi:10.1155/2016/9730467

Cited by 288 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The dopamine theory of schizophrenia, based on hyperactive dopamine projections in the mesolimbic system and reduced dopamine projections in the mesocortical system (Juárez Olguín et al, 2016), is the prevalent explanation of schizophrenia symptoms now. Alterations in striatal D2 receptors cause positive symptoms, and impairments in the prefrontal cortex D1 receptors cause negative and cognitive symptoms (Lau et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Astrocytes in the Context of Schizophrenic Dementia

et al. 2020

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The levels of the astrocyte markers (GFAP, S100B) were increased unevenly in patients with schizophrenia. Reactive astrogliosis was found in approximately 70% of patients with schizophrenia. The astrocytes play a major role in etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Astrocytes produce the components that altered in schizophrenia extracellular matrix system which are involved in inflammation, functioning of interneurons, glio-, and neurotransmitter system, especially glutamate system. Astrocytes activate the interneurons through glutamate release and ATP. Decreased expression of astrocyte glutamate transporters was observed in patients with schizophrenia. Astrocytes influence on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors via Dserine, an agonist of the glycine-binding site of NMDA receptors, and kynurenic acid, an endogenous antagonist. NMDA receptors, on its turn, control the impulses of dopamine neurons. Therefore following theories of schizophrenia are proposed. They are a) activation of astrocytes for neuroinflammation, b) glutamate and dopamine theory, as astrocyte products control the activity of NMDA receptors, which influence on the dopamine neurons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Astrocytes in the Context of Schizophrenic Dementia

et al. 2020

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“…Since dopamine is positively charged, this species is effectively repelled by the positively charged ionene, and very high concentrations are needed in order to be detected at the modified electrode (see Figure S7b). We point out that in physiological fluids the concentration of dopamine is much lower (on the order of 0.5-4.8 nM) [68] than that of ascorbic acid, hence the situation represented here is unrealistic. The analysis of the DPVs performed at 1% HMT-PMBI suggests that chronoamperometry could be useful for the quantification of both AA and UA, but with the requirement of performing the experiment at different applied potentials to avoid interferences.…”

Section: Detection Of Uric and Ascorbic Acids In Hmt-pmbi-coated Elecmentioning

confidence: 82%

Voltammetry at Hexamethyl-P-Terphenyl Poly(Benzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI)-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrodes: Charge Transport Properties and Detection of Uric and Ascorbic Acid

Rees

Wright

Holdcroft

et al. 2020

Sensors

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We describe the voltammetric behavior of an anion-exchange membrane, hexamethyl-pterphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI). The anion-exchange properties of HMT-PMBI chemically modified electrodes were investigated using K 4 Fe(CN) 6 and K 2 IrCl 6 as redox probes. The permselectivity properties of HMT-PMBI chemically modified electrodes were ascertained using tris(2-2')bipyridyl-ruthenium(II) chloride Ru(bpy) 3 2+ . Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were utilized to extract parameters such as the concentration of the redox mediators inside the films and the apparent diffusion coefficients. We found the concentration of K 4 Fe(CN) 6 and K 2 IrCl 6 redox species within HMT-PMBI-coated films to be on the order of 0.04-0.1 mol·dm −3 , and values of D app ca. 10 −10 -10 −9 cm 2 ·s −1 . To evaluate the possibility of using such a polymer coating in electroanalysis, HMT-PMBI-modified electrodes were utilized for the voltammetric detection of uric acid in artificial urine, Surine ® and ascorbic acid in Vitamin C samples. The results showed that HMT-PMBI-coated electrodes can detect uric acid in Surine ® with a limit of detection (LoD) of 7.7 µM, sensitivity of 0.14 µA·µM −1 ·cm −2 , and linear range between 5 µM and 200 µM, whereas for Vitamin C tablets, the LoD is 41.4 µM, the sensitivity is 0.08 µA·µM −1 ·cm −2 , and the linear range is between 25 µM and 450 µM.Sensors 2020, 20, 443 2 of 20 modification of electrode surfaces. Originally, ionomers were synthesized for fuel cell applications, and specifically used as membranes to separate the anode from the cathode compartments, due to their very good transport of opposite charge ions [8][9][10][11]. For instance, in proton exchange fuel cells (PEMFCs), the ionomer is made of a polymer having a net negative charge (typically sulfonic or carboxylic) that transports protons from the anode to the cathode, whereas in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), the ionomer is made of a polymer with a net positive charge (typically ammonium or phosphonium) that transports hydroxide ions from the cathode to anode. These ion-exchange properties made ionomers suitable as membranes in water electrolyzers and desalination units [12][13][14]. From an electroanalytical point of view, ionomer-coated electrodes are particularly attractive due to their very good ion-exchange properties, which allow the preconcentration of analytes having opposite charge even at very low concentrations, at the same time providing protection against potential interferences and fouling. An example is Nafion ® , a cation exchange ionomer widely used for the determination of positively charged dopamine up to ultra-trace concentrations, whilst protecting the electrode from the potential interferences of ascorbic acid [15,16]. Instead, in the case of anion-exchange ionomers, the literature extensively reported ammonium functionalized ionomers [17][18][19][20][21]; more recently, we reported phosphonium-based ionomers [22,23]. These ionomers have also been extensively studied due to their charge transport mechanisms w...

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“…Record of brain activity using Electroencephalography (EEG) indicated that after a subject played casual video game (Solitaire for Windows XP), there was a balance between right/left alpha power of the brain which entails mood stability and relaxation. The increase of extracellular dopamine during gaming activity may activate reward system in the brain which gives rise to happiness in game players (Juárez et al, 2016;Koepp et al, 1998). In addition, dopamine also has positive effect on learning process, motivation, and memory formation in hippocampus (Shohamy & Adcock, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Time Spent for Internet Gaming, Grade Point Average and Internet Gaming Disorder Risk Among Medical Students

Kurnianingsih

Ratnawati

Yudhantara

et al. 2018

RJLS

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The negative and positive consequences of internet games were less explored among medical students' population. The aim of this current study was to investigated the association between time spent for playing internet games and Grade Point Average (GPA) as well as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) risk among medical students. A total of 438 students in academic year 2016-2017 completed the self-report questionnaire, that covered socio-demographic information, GPA, time spent for internet gaming/day, and IGD screening. The statistical analysis used  2 test. The average age of the respondents was 20.2 ±1.57 year. The respondents comprised of 37.13% male and 62.87% female students. The percentage of male and female players was 97.5% and 93.8% respectively. Male students were more at risk of IGD (29.56%) compared to their female counterparts (10.04%). Although time spent for internet gaming/day was associated with IGD risk (p<0.001), it was not associated with GPA (p=0.501). There was no significant GPA difference between students who played internet games <3 hours/day and >3 hours/day and those who never play at all. Further study is required to explore the factors related to GPA among medical students.

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The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

Cited by 288 publications

References 108 publications

Alterations of Astrocytes in the Context of Schizophrenic Dementia

Alterations of Astrocytes in the Context of Schizophrenic Dementia

Voltammetry at Hexamethyl-P-Terphenyl Poly(Benzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI)-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrodes: Charge Transport Properties and Detection of Uric and Ascorbic Acid

Association Between Time Spent for Internet Gaming, Grade Point Average and Internet Gaming Disorder Risk Among Medical Students

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