The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in inhibition mechanism: A study on cognitive reflection test and similar tasks through neuromodulation

Oldrati, Viola; Patricelli, Jessica; Colombo, Barbara; Antonietti, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.010

Cited by 113 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Understanding brain processes in terms of their functional network increases the meaningfulness of EEG biomarker research. The DLPFC has been associated with various executive functions (EF), particularly “cool” EFs (i.e., processing of non-emotional information related to the exteroceptive environment) (Petrovic and Castellanos, 2016), but also those related to response selection, inhibition of pre-potent responses and inhibitory stimulus control (Aron et al, 2004; Floden and Stuss, 2006; Oldrati et al, 2016). The go/no-go task elicits both inhibitory and response-selection processes on the less frequent No-Go trials, consistent with the potential involvement of the DLPFC found in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal alpha asymmetry predicts inhibitory processing in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2017

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Introduction Atypical asymmetry in brain activity has been implicated in the behavioral and attentional dysregulation observed in ADHD. Specifically, asymmetry in neural activity in the right versus left frontal regions has been linked to ADHD, as well as to symptoms often associated with ADHD such as heightened approach behaviors, impulsivity and difficulties with inhibition. Clarifying the role of frontal asymmetry in ADHD-like traits, such as disinhibition, may provide information on the neurophysiological processes underlying these behaviors. Method ADHD youth (ADHD: n=25) and healthy, typically developing controls (TD: n=25) underwent an electroencephalography (EEG) recording while completing a go/no-go task—a commonly used test measuring behavioral inhibition. In addition, advanced signal processing for source localization estimated the location of signal generators underlying frontal alpha asymmetry (FA) during correct and incorrect trials. Results This is the first study in ADHD to demonstrate that the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may be responsible for generating frontal alpha. During failed inhibition trials, ADHD youth displayed greater FA than TD youth. In addition, within the ADHD group, frontal asymmetry during later processing stages (i.e., 400–800ms after stimulus) predicted a higher number of commission errors throughout the task. Conclusions These results suggest that frontal alpha asymmetry may be a specific biomarker of cognitive disinhibition among youth with ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal alpha asymmetry predicts inhibitory processing in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2017

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“…Responding with the correct answer ($0.05) requires inhibiting this prepotent intuitive response and detecting that it is incorrect. This requires cognitively reflecting on the verity of the intuitive answer by engaging in deliberate, yet easy to perform calculations (i.e., checking that the bat -ball difference is $1.00 and their sum is $1.10) (Oldrati, Patricelli, Colombo, & Antonietti, 2016).…”

Section: How Much Does the Ball Cost?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Dose Testosterone Administration Impairs Cognitive Reflection in Men

et al. 2017

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The sex steroid testosterone regulates reproductive behaviors such as intra-male fighting and mating in non-humans. Correlational studies have linked testosterone with aggression and disorders associated with poor impulse control, but the neuropsychological processes at work are poorly understood. Building on a dual-process framework, we propose a mechanism underlying testosterone's behavioral effects in humans: reducing cognitive reflection. In the largest behavioral testosterone administration study to date, 243 men received either testosterone or placebo and took the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), that estimated their capacity to override incorrect intuitive judgments with deliberate correct responses. Testosterone administration reduced CRT scores. The effect was robust to controlling for age, mood, math skills, treatment expectancy and 14 other hormones, and held for each of the CRT questions in isolation. Our findings suggest a mechanism underlying testosterone's diverse effects on humans' judgments and decision-making, and provide novel, clear and testable predictions. Keywords testosterone, single administration, cognitive reflection, dual process, impulse control, NeuroeconomicsThe androgenic hormone testosterone (abbreviated "T") is produced in the adrenal glands, the male testes, and in smaller quantities in the female ovaries. T affects physiology, brain development, and behavior throughout life. T is released into the bloodstream and in the brain in response to external stimuli, such as the presence of an attractive mate or winning competitions, modulating physiological and cognitive processes context-sensitively (Archer, 2006;Eisenegger, Haushofer, & Fehr, 2011;Mazur, 2005;Ronay & von Hippel, 2010).i In many non-human species, T levels rise amid the breeding season to facilitate reproductive behaviors such as fighting and mating (Archer, 2006;Edwards, 1969;Mazur, 2005;Wingfield, Hegner, Dufty Jr, & Ball, 1990). Laboratory studies have shown that T administration induces aggression, mating, and behavioral disinhibition in rodents and birds (Archer, 2006;Bing et al., 1998;Edwards, 1969;Svensson, Åkesson, Engel, & Söderpalm, 2003;Wingfield et al., 1990).A largely open question is how T affects human cognition and decision-making. Studies reported correlations between endogenous T and physical aggression, sensation seeking, and impulse control disorders such as drug abuse, bulimia, and borderline personality disorder (Campbell et

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“…Previous studies investigating the potential role of stimulation for cognition have primarily used theta-frequency pulses, which underlies many cognitive processes, especially in prefrontal cortex (Canolty et al, 2006;Cavanagh and Frank, 2014;Helfrich and Knight, 2016). Among the various prefrontal regions involved, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann areas 9 and 46) is of special interest in PD as it is active during reward learning, set-shifting, action selection (Ridderinkhof et al, 2004), and inhibitory control (MacDonald et al, 2000;Harrison et al, 2005;Oldrati et al, 2016), which PD patients have particular difficulty with (Manza et al, 2017). The DLPFC has direct connections to the STN (Haynes and Haber, 2013) and GPi (Middleton and Strick, 2002), as well as widespread connections to the caudate nucleus and to the orbitofrontal, cingulate, premotor, and pre-supplementary motor cortices (Ridderinkhof et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Increases Theta-Power in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

et al. 2020

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The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in inhibition mechanism: A study on cognitive reflection test and similar tasks through neuromodulation

Cited by 113 publications

References 70 publications

Frontal alpha asymmetry predicts inhibitory processing in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Frontal alpha asymmetry predicts inhibitory processing in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Single-Dose Testosterone Administration Impairs Cognitive Reflection in Men

Subcortical Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Increases Theta-Power in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

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