The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer: A Molecular Perspective

Brocco, Davide; Florio, Rosalba; Lellis, Laura De; Veschi, Serena; Grassadonia, Antonino; Tinari, Nicola; Cama, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/cancers12071849

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…Weight gain and obesity among older adults may occur with concomitant reduction in muscle mass and sarcopenia [30]. However, steroids and hormonal therapy in a long-term cancer treatment may stimulate the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at which older adults, especially with obesity, are at risk [31,32]. Therefore, nutritional research is needed among obese older cancer patients to establish prognosis of the disease course [33].…”

Section: Nutrition Aging and Cancer In The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

et al. 2020

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The continuous increase in life expectancy results in a steady increase of cancer risk, which consequently increases the population of older adults with cancer. Older adults have their age-related nutritional needs and often suffer from comorbidities that may affect cancer therapy. They frequently are malnourished and present advanced-stage cancer. Therefore, this group of patients requires a special multidisciplinary approach to optimize their therapy and increase quality of life impaired by aging, cancer, and the side effects of therapy. Evaluation strategies, taking advantage of comprehensive geriatric assessment tools, including the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), can help individualize treatment. As epigenetics, an emerging element of the regulation of gene expression, is involved in both aging and cancer and the epigenetic profile can be modulated by the diet, it seems to be a candidate to assist with planning a nutritional intervention in elderly populations with cancer. In this review, we present problems associated with the diet and nutrition in the elderly undergoing active cancer therapy and provide some information on epigenetic aspects of aging and cancer transformation. Nutritional interventions modulating the epigenetic profile, including caloric restriction and basal diet with modifications (elimination diet, supplementary diet) are discussed as the ways to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and maintain the quality of life of older adults with cancer.

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Section: Nutrition Aging and Cancer In The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

et al. 2020

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“…Reduced release of adiponectin was found to decrease the tumor-suppressive effects of adiponectin in a manner mediated by JAK2/STAT3 inhibition and downregulation of intracellular β-catenin [145].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Fatty pancreas is associated with age, BMI, and diabetes, which are risk factors for pancreatic cancer [144]. In particular, expansion and inflammation of visceral adipose tissue induce insulin resistance that fosters systemic secretion of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 [145].…”

Section: Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression

Chang

Yang

2020

IJMS

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Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.

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“…The systemic effects of chronic inflammation in the fat tissue of obese individuals on tumor cell growth and development are poorly understood. However, evidence is emerging that obesity-linked inflammation has extensive effects on tumor growth, antitumor immune responses and, potentially, the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches [38][39][40].…”

Section: Metabolic Alterations and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Host Metabolism the Missing Link to Improving Cancer Outcomes?

Wright

Shastri

Bongiorno

et al. 2020

Cancers

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For the past 100 years, oncologists have relentlessly pursued the destruction of tumor cells by surgical, chemotherapeutic or radiation oncological means. Consistent with this focus, treatment plans are typically based on key characteristics of the tumor itself such as disease site, histology and staging based on local, regional and systemic dissemination. Precision medicine is similarly built on the premise that detailed knowledge of molecular alterations of tumor cells themselves enables better and more effective tumor cell destruction. Recently, host factors within the tumor microenvironment including the vasculature and immune systems have been recognized as modifiers of disease progression and are being targeted for therapeutic gain. In this review, we argue that—to optimize the impact of old and new treatment options—we need to take account of an epidemic that occurs independently of—but has major impact on—the development and treatment of malignant diseases. This is the rapidly increasing number of patients with excess weight and its’ attendant metabolic consequences, commonly described as metabolic syndrome. It is well established that patients with altered metabolism manifesting as obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation have an increased incidence of cancer. Here, we focus on evidence that these patients also respond differently to cancer therapy including radiation and provide a perspective how exercise, diet or pharmacological agents may be harnessed to improve therapeutic responses in this patient population.

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The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer: A Molecular Perspective

Cited by 29 publications

References 197 publications

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression

Is Host Metabolism the Missing Link to Improving Cancer Outcomes?

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