The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing and<i>in vivo</i>Production

Zyl, C. van; Malan, Antoinette P.

doi:10.4001/003.022.0222

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Direct contact is needed between the fungal spores and the host for infection to take place (Barbercheck, ). This is less important for EPNs because the infective juvenile (IJ) stage of the lifecycle will actively seek out their host species to infect them (Georgis & Poinar Jr, ; Riga, ; van Zyl & Malan, ) and can make use of chemical cues to identify host species (Turlings et al ., ). The shallow depth of the pupal cocoon may have negative implications for entomopathogens as a result of an increased risk of ultraviolet (UV) exposure, as well as more rapid changes in moisture level and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control techniques have focussed largely on the egg, larval and adult life stages of T. leucotreta (Newton, ; Moore & Hattingh, ; Grout & Moore, ). Recently, consideration of the soil‐dwelling and, particularly, the pupal life stages has increased, including the potential of applications of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to the soil (Goble et al ., ; Malan et al ., ; Moore & Hattingh, ; Coombes et al ., ; van Zyl & Malan, ; Coombes et al ., ; Coombes et al ., ). A commercial product containing Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes, under the tradename Cryptonem, was registered and available for use against T. leucotreta in citrus in South Africa (Coombes et al ., ; Moore & Duncan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of abiotic factors in the pupation of Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the soil

Love

Moore

Hill

2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 A key focus area of the South African citrus industry is the improved control of the phytosanitary citrus pest Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). 2 New methods of control for this pest are continually being sought and the use of entomopathogens as biological control agents of the soil-dwelling life stages of T. leucotreta has shown great promise. Current understanding of T. leucotreta pupation biology, behaviour and survival is limited; thus, improving upon this knowledge would be useful for the biological control of this life stage. 3 Abiotic factors, namely soil texture class, ground cover, soil compaction and soil moisture, were investigated in the laboratory, aiming to determine the effects of these on T. leucotreta pupation variables. The investigations consisted of an examination of the wandering behaviour of larvae prior to pupation site selection, the pupation behaviour after selecting a pupation site, and eclosion biology and success. 4 These abiotic factors often had a limited influence on T. leucotreta pupation.Interesting consistencies included limited wandering behaviour, the shallowness of T. leucotreta pupation and a high eclosion success in sandy loam soils in certain cases. These factors are likely to have both positive and negative implications for entomopathogenic biological control programmes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of abiotic factors in the pupation of Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the soil

Love

Moore

Hill

2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Entomopathogenic nematodes have been identi ed as promising biological control agents for many insect pests (Zyl & Malan, 2014). The families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are obligate parasites of insects and have been demonstrated to have high potential in controlling economically important insect pests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of Philippine Entomopathogenic Nematode against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains

DUZA,

LATINA,

YAP

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The control of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has been a significant concern to the corn and rice in the Philippines. Recent research has focused on developing control strategies using biological controls such as entomopathogenic nematodes. This paper evaluated the efficacy of the Philippine isolates Heterorhabditis indica (HiBSDS, HiMAP, HiPBCB) and Steinernema abbasi (SaMBLB) against two strains of S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith). The Philippine EPN isolates were shown to be pathogenic to S. frugiperda regardless of FAW strains. Among the three isolates under the genus Heterorhabditids, HiPBCB was the most virulent among the test isolates tested against two strains of FAW. The result showed a high significance on the pathogenicity test exposed to all isolates at 24 hpi. The highest LC50 was observed for SaMBLB, corresponding to 36.95 IJs/larva (CS) and 35.92 IJs/larva (RS). This was sufficient to achieve 100% mortality after 48 hrs significantly differed from the three H. indica. On the lethal time (LT50) estimates, infection with H. indica in both strains had no significant differences due to the overlapping fiducial limits. However, both strains had significantly longer lethal times (LT50) when infected with S. abbasi (MBLB). No intraspecific variability was observed in the virulence of the different H. indica isolates. More apparent is the interspecific variability between S. abbasi and H. indica, as the latter exhibited higher virulence activity. This study revealed no pathogenicity variations in strains of S. frugiperda. However, it showed a different level of virulence, LC50, and LT50 between H. indica and S. abbasi.

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Entomopathogenic Nematode Exploitation: Case Studies in Laboratory and Field Applications from South Africa

Malan

Hatting²

2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

Cited by 20 publications

References 85 publications

The role of abiotic factors in the pupation of Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the soil

The role of abiotic factors in the pupation of Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the soil

Virulence of Philippine Entomopathogenic Nematode against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains

Entomopathogenic Nematode Exploitation: Case Studies in Laboratory and Field Applications from South Africa

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