The role of exercise and physical activity on aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes

Abstract

Aging is a complex process of physiological and social changes that leads to various diseases. The number of elderly people in the world is increasing dramatically and it should be noted that rapid population aging represents a major public health burden. On the other hand, providing an appropriate and low-cost approach to control and prevent complications such as chronic diseases, physical dysfunction, and the geriatric syndrome is necessary. Also, numerous studies have shown that participation in physical activity and exercise training reduces the incidence of dysfunctional capacity, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, as well as the premature death rate in older adults. After plenty of precise observations about the role of exercise on aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes articles, the benefits of exercise and physical activity in older adults will be more tangible. Therefore, the first purpose of the present review was to investigate the mechanisms of PA and exercises that are involved in the prevention of aging-related diseases and GS using current evidence (from 2015 onwards). Also, the purpose of this study was to provide an exercise guideline (aerobic and resistance training) based on recent evidence (from 2015 onwards). El envejecimiento es un proceso complejo de cambios fisiológicos y sociales que conduce a diversas enfermedades. El número de personas de edad avanzada en el mundo está aumentando drásticamente y cabe señalar que el rápido envejecimiento de la población representa una importante carga para la salud pública. Por otro lado, es necesario brindar un enfoque adecuado y de bajo costo para controlar y prevenir complicaciones como enfermedades crónicas, disfunción física y síndrome geriátrico. Además, numerosos estudios han demostrado que la participación en la actividad física y el entrenamiento físico reduce la incidencia de disfunciones, enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, así como la tasa de muerte prematura en los adultos mayores. Después de muchas observaciones precisas sobre el papel del ejercicio en los artículos sobre enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento y síndromes geriátricos, los beneficios del ejercicio y la actividad física en los adultos mayores serán más tangibles. Por lo tanto, el primer propósito de la presente revisión fue investigar los mecanismos de actividad física y ejercicios que están involucrados en la prevención de enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento y síndrome geriátrico utilizando la evidencia actual (de 2015 en adelante). Además, el propósito de este estudio fue proporcionar una guía de ejercicio (entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia) basada en evidencia reciente (de 2015 en adelante).

Association between Physical Activity and 32 Chronic Conditions among Spanish Adults

“…Our study results are in line with previous studies that have analysed the association between physical activity and the main types of chronic conditions [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 11 ]. However, we have found significant associations not only in the main types of chronic conditions, like in the systematic review of Bullard et al [ 25 ] but also in other chronic diseases, with a total of 19 chronic conditions in the adjusted analyses.…”

“…Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the association between physical activity and the risk of suffering from 32 chronic conditions in a large representative sample of Spanish adults. Considering that previous research has found important benefits of physical activity for health in different populations [ 4 , 10 , 11 ] and that each chronic condition is different, it was hypothesised that low levels of physical activity would be associated with a higher risk of suffering from all chronic conditions, but with a different impact of physical activity on each chronic condition. The results of this study will allow for the design of specific public health strategies and interventions for different chronic conditions.…”

The effect of an online‐supervised exercise program in older people with diabetes on fasting blood sugar, psychological resilience and quality of life: A double blind randomised controlled trial

“…In the first stage of the study, an exercise program suitable for older people with diabetes was prepared by a physiotherapist based on national and international guidelines (Izquierdo et al, 2021;Kushkestani et al, 2022;Mañas et al, 2021). At the end of the 6th week, the data collection forms were applied to both groups face-to-face again by the training nurse.…”

Patrones Y Estrategias De Regulación Emocional Empleadas en Personas Mayores De 60 Años Con Deterioro Cognitivo

“…El proceso de envejecimiento conlleva cambios fisiológicos que repercuten en la vulnerabilidad y desarrollo de enfermedades físicas y mentales, por ello, una mejor condición física se asocia con mejoras en calidad de vida, bienestar y salud mental (Hemmeter & Ngamsri 2022). En la actualidad, la situación demográfica en auge representa una carga para la salud pública (Kushkestani et al 2022). Ante este escenario, se hace necesario comprender las diferentes condiciones que afectan la calidad de vida de las personas mayores y que derivan en una mayor probabilidad de causar deterioro cognitivo.…”