The Role of Folic Acid in the Management of Respiratory Disease Caused by COVID-19

Sheybani, Zahra; Dokoohaki, Maryam Heydari; Negahdaripour, Manica; Dehdashti, Mehdi; Zolghadr, Hassan; Moghadami, Mohsen; Masoompour, Seyed Masoom; Zolghadr, Amin Reza

doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12034980

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Some previous studies have suggested folic acid as an adjunctive therapy ( Sharma, 2020 ). Besides immune-boosting properties, folic acid can be used as an inhibitor of furin activity, an enzyme responsible for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage ( Sheybani et al, 2020 ). Therefore, it can be considered as a prophylactic or therapeutic candidate for COVID-19, especially in initial phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A connectivity map-based drug repurposing study and integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Mousavi

rahmanian

Sami

2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Aims The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global health concern. There are currently no effective treatment strategies and vaccines for the treatment or prevention of this fatal disease. The current study aims to determine promising treatment options for the COVID-19 through a computational drug repurposing approach. Materials and methods In this study, we focus on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected cell lines including “the primary human lung epithelial cell line NHBE” and “the transformed lung alveolar cell line A549”. Next, the identified DEGs are used in the connectivity map (CMap) analysis to identify similarly acting therapeutic candidates. Furthermore, to interpret lists of DEGs, pathway enrichment and protein network analysis are performed. Genes are categorized into easily interpretable pathways based on their biological functions, and overrepresentation of each pathway is tested in comparison to what is expected randomly. Key findings The results suggest the effectiveness of lansoprazole, folic acid, sulfamonomethoxine, tolnaftate, diclofenamide, halcinonide, saquinavir, metronidazole, ebselen, lidocaine and benzocaine, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors, and many other clinically approved drugs as potent drugs against COVID-19 outbreak. Significance Making new drugs remain a lengthy process, so the drug repurposing approach provides an insight into the therapeutics that might be helpful in this pandemic. In this study, pathway enrichment and protein network analysis are also performed, and the effectiveness of some drugs obtained from the CMap analysis has been investigated according to previous researches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A connectivity map-based drug repurposing study and integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Mousavi

rahmanian

Sami

2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Thus, suboptimal levels of Folate intake may trigger imbalances in T and NK cell mediated immune responses [92] and decrease amount of antibody production [91]. Although scientific evidence is still scarce, Folate could play a role in COVID-19 management: it may participate in furin inhibition activity (a convertase involved in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage) and consequently prevent this necessary step for the virus' access into host cells [93]. Furthermore, homocysteine metabolic pathway disruption by COVID-19 infection has recently been proposed as one of the mechanisms that lead infected cells to death [94].…”

Section: Folatementioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework

2020

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The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has caused shock waves in many countries, producing a global health crisis worldwide. Lack of knowledge of the biological mechanisms of viruses, plus the absence of effective treatments against the disease (COVID-19) and/or vaccines have pulled factors that can compromise the proper functioning of the immune system to fight against infectious diseases into the spotlight. The optimal status of specific nutrients is considered crucial to keeping immune components within their normal activity, helping to avoid and overcome infections. Specifically, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated and deems six vitamins (D, A, C, Folate, B6, B12) and four minerals (zinc, iron, copper and selenium) to be essential for the normal functioning of the immune system, due to the scientific evidence collected so far. In this report, an update on the evidence of the contribution of nutritional factors as immune-enhancing aspects, factors that could reduce their bioavailability, and the role of the optimal status of these nutrients within the COVID-19 pandemic context was carried out. First, a non-systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of an optimal nutritional status of these nutrients on the proper functioning of the immune system as well as their potential role in COVID-19 prevention/treatment was carried out by searching for available scientific evidence in PubMed and LitCovid databases. Second, a compilation from published sources and an analysis of nutritional data from 10 European countries was performed, and the relationship between country nutritional status and epidemiological COVID-19 data (available in the Worldometers database) was evaluated following an ecological study design. Furthermore, the potential effect of genetics was considered through the selection of genetic variants previously identified in Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAs) as influencing the nutritional status of these 10 considered nutrients. Therefore, access to genetic information in accessible databases (1000genomes, by Ensembl) of individuals from European populations enabled an approximation that countries might present a greater risk of suboptimal status of the nutrients studied. Results from the review approach show the importance of maintaining a correct nutritional status of these 10 nutrients analyzed for the health of the immune system, highlighting the importance of Vitamin D and iron in the context of COVID-19. Besides, the ecological study demonstrates that intake levels of relevant micronutrients—especially Vitamins D, C, B12, and iron—are inversely associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and/or mortality, particularly in populations genetically predisposed to show lower micronutrient status. In conclusion, nutrigenetic data provided by joint assessment of 10 essential nutrients for the functioning of the immune system and of the genetic factors that can limit their bioavailability can be a fundamental tool to help strengthen the immune system of individuals and prepare populations to fight against infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

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“…The folic acid and its derivates such as tetrahydrofolic acid and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate may interfere with the cell entry of SARS-CoV 2 (63) via inhibition of furin protein that has essential for COVID-19 progression (159). In addition to the ACE2 protein, S-glycoprotein, some of the proteases (M pro and PL pro ), RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and Nsp15 promote the cellular entry of SARS-CoV 2 (63, 160).…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients

Şahin

Orhan

Uckun³

et al. 2020

Front. Nutr.

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a major global pandemic and continues to be an unresolved global health crisis. The supportive care interventions for reducing the severity of symptoms along with participation in clinical trials of investigational treatments are the mainstay of COVID-19 management because there is no effective standard therapy for COVID-19. The comorbidity of COVID-19 rises in obese patients. Micronutrients may boost the host immunity against viral infections, including COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact potential of supplemental nutrients as adjuncts of therapy in high-risk COVID-19 for obese patients.

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The Role of Folic Acid in the Management of Respiratory Disease Caused by COVID-19

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

A connectivity map-based drug repurposing study and integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection

A connectivity map-based drug repurposing study and integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework

Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients

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