The role of forensic dentist following mass disaster

Abstract

This review article focuses on mass disaster situations that may arise from natural or manmade circumstances and the significant role of forensic dental personnel in human identification following such occurrences. The various forensic dental modalities of identification that include matching techniques, postmortem profiling, genetic fingerprinting, dental fossil assessment and dental biometrics with digital subtraction were considered.The varying extent of use of forensic dental techniques and the resulting positive impact on human identification were considered. The importance of preparation by way of special training for forensic dental personnel, mock disaster rehearsal, and use of modern day technology was stressed. The need for international standardization of identification through the use of Interpol Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) for ms was further emphasized.Recommendations for improved human identification in Nigerian situation include reform of the National Emergency Management Association (NEMA), incorporation of dental care in primary health care to facilitate proper ante mortem database of the populace and commencement of identification at site of disaster.

Penggunaan Radiograf Gigi Untuk Kepentingan Identifikasi Forensik

“…Jaringan lunak seperti sidik jari dan DNA mudah mengalami kerusakan sehingga metode penilaian visual dan pemeriksaannya seringkali tidak dapat digunakan 1,2 . Penentuan identitas dapat diperoleh melalui perbandingan antemortem dan postmortem tampilan unik gigi 2,3 . Perbandingan antemortem dengan postmortem menggunakan alat bantu radiograf gigi dinilai akurat dan terpercaya 4 .…”

“…DNA dan sidik jari seringkali tidak dapat digunakan apabila telah terjadi kerusakan berat dan meluas terhadap jaringan lunak korban seperti pada kasus terbakar, skeletonisasi dan dekomposisi. Jaringan pada tubuh yang keras seperti gigi sangat dibutuhkan terkait kendala tersebut 2,3,10 . Jaringan gigi dilapisi oleh materi anorganik kristal hidroksiapatit sehingga resisten terhadap beragam jenis pengaruh eksternal, iritasi mekanik, termal dan kimia 8,11 .…”

Leveraging Biometrics for Insider Misuse Identification

“…For example, it has been used for identifying missing individuals following natural disasters or accidents, such as fires (Kolude et al, 2011). Moreover, biometrics has helped law enforcement agencies in identifying attackers who are involved in terrorist crimes (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d.).…”

Gender Differentiation using Maxillary Sinus

“…Patients with history of deleterious habits, facial asymmetry, cleft lip and palate, orthodontic treatment, orthopedic and facial asymmetry, or maxillary sinus pathology 1,6 Senior Lecturer, 2,4 Reader, 3 Professor,…”

“…In recent reports, identification based on dental information is considered to be highly efficient, reliable, and rapid. [4][5][6][7] Although many methods are followed for gender differentiation and age estimation, still identification of skeletal remains and decomposed bodies remains a difficult task in forensic medicine. Generally, bones, such as skull, pelvis, and long bones, are used for gender identification.…”