“…Also, from the results observed in figure 9d, can be estimated the thickness of the deformed zone in a direction perpendicular to the shoulder surface. As was stated by Kumar et al [26] the relative size of the deformed zones driven by the shoulder movement with respect to those driven by the pin are determinant for well behaved joints. …”
Section: Velocity Fields and Materials Flowmentioning
“…Also, from the results observed in figure 9d, can be estimated the thickness of the deformed zone in a direction perpendicular to the shoulder surface. As was stated by Kumar et al [26] the relative size of the deformed zones driven by the shoulder movement with respect to those driven by the pin are determinant for well behaved joints. …”
Section: Velocity Fields and Materials Flowmentioning
“…The greatest attention should be paid to those types of weld defects that are formed at the non-optimal ratio of the plunge force, rotation and feed rate of the tool. Such defects in the weld can result from the interaction of two flows of the plasticized material, one being generated by the working surface of the tool (tool pin) and the other by the tool shoulders [3]. At complete fusion of these flows a defect-free weld is produced while at incomplete fusion tunnel-or wormhole-like defects appear in the weld.…”