The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

Jiang, Haixiao; Zeng, Wenjuan; Zhang, Xiaoli; Pei, Yunlong; Zhang, Hengzhu; Li, Yuping

doi:10.1080/21655979.2022.2049959

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thus, the existence of the gut-brain axis and the protective effects of the gut flora in both the gut and the brain opens up new possibilities for the development of novel therapeutic techniques for radiation-induced brain injury [48]. Interestingly, it has been noted that patients with brain tumors have a less diverse microbial environment [49]. Further, probiotics have been found to decrease cancer, particularly glioma, which accounts for 81% of all the malignant tumors of the central nervous system and is the most prevalent kind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study

et al. 2023

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Purpose Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer treatment, along with surgery and chemotherapy. Approximately, 90% of cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy show gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including bloody diarrhea, and gastritis, most of which are associated with gut dysbiosis. In addition to the direct effect of radiation on the brain, pelvic irradiation can alter the gut microbiome, leading to inflammation and breakdown of the gut–blood barrier. This allows toxins and bacteria to enter the bloodstream and reach the brain. Probiotics have been proven to prevent GI toxicity by producing short-chain fatty acids and exopolysaccharides beneficial for protecting mucosal integrity and oxidative stress reduction in the intestine and also shown to be beneficial in brain health. Microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining gut and brain health, so it is important to study whether bacterial supplementation will help in maintaining the gut and brain structure after radiation exposure. Methods In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, radiation, probiotics, and probiotics + radiation groups. On the 7th day, animals in the radiation and probiotics + radiation groups received a single dose of 4 Gy to whole-body. Posttreatment, mice were sacrificed, and the intestine and brain tissues were excised for histological analysis to assess GI and neuronal damage. Results Radiation-induced damage to the villi height and mucosal thickness was mitigated by the probiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.01). Further, radiation-induced pyknotic cell numbers in the DG, CA2, and CA3 areas were substantially reduced with bacterial supplementation (p < 0.001). Similarly, probiotics reduced neuronal inflammation induced by radiation in the cortex, CA2, and DG region (p < 0.01). Altogether, the probiotics treatment helps mitigate radiation-induced intestinal and neuronal damage. Conclusion In conclusion, the probiotic formulation could attenuate the number of pyknotic cells in the hippocampal brain region and decrease neuroinflammation by reducing the number of microglial cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study

et al. 2023

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“…Brain tumor patients have a significantly lower alpha diversity index of intestinal flora compared to healthy controls and a significant dysregulation of intestinal flora structure and function, especially in malignant gliomas. Through statistical analysis, the team identified six abundant genera, namely, Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Escherichia/Shigella, Lachnospira, Agathobacter, and Bifidobacterium [ 161 ]. This can serve as a foundation for further in-depth studies, and we anticipate early clinical application of these medicines.…”

Section: Impact Of the Local Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigational Microbiological Therapy for Glioma

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS), and 50% of patients present with glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most aggressive type. Currently, the most popular therapies are progressive chemotherapy and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), but the median survival of glioma patients is still low as a result of the emergence of drug resistance, so we urgently need to find new therapies. A growing number of studies have shown that the diversity, bioactivity, and manipulability of microorganisms make microbial therapy a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the many studies on the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma are scattered, and nobody has yet provided a comprehensive summary of them. Therefore, in this paper, we review the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma and conclude that it is possible to treat glioma by exogenous microbial therapies and targeting the gut–brain axis. In this article, we discuss the prospects and pressing issues relating to these therapies with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of glioma.

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“…In addition, it has been reported that gut microbiota could impact on microglial phenotype in brain [ 44 ], with a shift toward a more immune-suppressive and/or tumorigenic condition [ 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, gut microbiota may be related to the growth of various tumors, suggesting that the identification of gut microbiota could be a tool for the diagnosis of brain tumors [ 45 ] ( Figure 2 ). Through the reduction of cytotoxic NK cells, chronic treatment with antibiotics could stimulate the growth of glioma [ 43 , 46 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota May Also Affect the Development Of Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study has demonstrated that glioma can also induce alterations in the microbiota [ 50 ]. Moreover, a diversity of the gut microbiota with glioma patients has been shown to be different from that of healthy subjects [ 45 , 50 ]. All together, these studies demonstrate that the bidirectional axis between the gut and the brain may be a determinant of the glioma biology.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota May Also Affect the Development Of Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma

Yoshikawa

Taniguchi

Sawamura

et al. 2022

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy

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Among the malignant tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), glioma is the most challenging tumor to the public society, which accounts for the majority of intracranial malignant tumors with impaired brain function. In general, conventional therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. However, novel immunotherapies have changed the treatment scene giving patients a greater potential to attain long term survival, improved quality of life. Having shown favorable results in solid tumors, those therapies are now at a cancer research hotspot, which could even shrink the growth of glioma cells without causing severe complications. However, it is important to recognize that the therapy may be occasionally associated with noteworthy adverse action called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) which have emerged as a potential limitation of the therapy. Multiple classes of mediators have been developed to enhance the ability of immune system to target malignant tumors including glioma but may also be associated with the IRAEs. In addition, it is probable that it would take long time after the therapy to exhibit severe immune-related disorders. Gut microbiota could play an integral role in optimal immune development and/or appropriate function for the cancer therapy, which is a vital component of the multidirectional communication between immune system, brain, and gut, also known as gut-brain-immune axis. Here, we show the potential effects of the gut-brain-immune axis based on an “engram theory” for the innovative treatment of IRAEs.

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The role of gut microbiota in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a pilot study

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study

Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study

Investigational Microbiological Therapy for Glioma

Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma

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