The Role of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a complex heterogeneous disorder and characterized by stereotyped behavior and deficits in communication and social interactions. The emerging microbial knowledge has pointed to a potential link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and ASD. Evidence from animal and human studies showed that shifts in composition and activity of the gut microbiota may causally contribute to the etiopathogenesis of core symptoms in the ASD individuals with gastrointestinal tract disturbances and act on microbiota-gut-brain. In this review, we summarized the characterized gut bacterial composition of ASD and the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and progression of ASD; the possible underlying mechanisms are also highlighted. Given this correlation, we also provide an overview of the microbial-based therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation therapy, and dietary interventions and address their potential benefits on behavioral symptoms of ASD. The precise contribution of altering gut microbiome to treating core symptoms in the ASD needs to be further clarified. It seemed to open up promising avenues to develop microbial-based therapies in ASD.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Gut Microbiota: New Strategy for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

Food Science & Nutrition

“…Unfortunately, long‐term use of KD may have some adverse effects, including constipation, hypercholesterolemia, etc. It has been recommended to add probiotics, vitamins, and minerals to KD (Ersoz Alan & Gulerman, 2019 ; Fan et al, 2019 ; Laura Soldati et al, 2018 ; Olson et al, 2018 ; Rinninella, Cintoni, et al, 2019 ; Tagliabue et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Food/food Components and Dietary Supplements May Promote Gut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management

Liang

Saunders

Sanossian

2023

Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as “leaky gut” or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non‐GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.

“…Recently, it was reported that the gut microbiota composition could affect the mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism [ 12 , 13 ]. ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, makes it difficult for a person to control impulsive behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalanced dietary intake alters the colonic microbial profile in growing rats

Jung

Han

2021

PLoS ONE

An imbalanced dietary intake is associated with alteration of intestinal ecosystem. We investigated the impact of imbalanced diets on colonic microbiota, concentrations of short chain fatty acid in colonic digesta and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) of growing rats. Compared to the control diet, consuming diets high in fat, sucrose, or processed meat, or low in iron, increased the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, and decreased the beneficial bacteria, like Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Phascolarctobacterium, Alistipes, and butyrate producing species of bacteria in the colon of growing rats. The heatmap of metagenomics indicated that each group was separated into distinct clusters, and the ID group in particular, showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in comparison to the control group. All experimental groups showed significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate in the colonic digesta and lower levels of serum IgG or IgA, compared to the control. These results indicated that the imbalanced dietary intake negatively altered intestinal ecosystem and immunity.