The role of head movements and vestibular and visual cues in sound localization.

Abstract

This is the terminology employed in paper II. In paper I, the term lateral angle refers to the complement of the angle <p and is called <p. v is thus the angular distance of the sound direction from the median plane and was chosen to represent the lateral angle for historical reasons. The motive for changing to \p was the greater ease with which the angle ^ can be visualized.

The influence of vision on the absolute identification of sound-source position

“…Previous research has indicated the importance of vision in the accuracy of auditory localization judgments (Jackson, 1953;Jones, 1975a;Wallach, 1940). The spatial coordination of these two senses has been shown in infants by both the visual orientation of newborns toward a sound source (Muir & Field, 1979;Wertheimer, 1961) and the sensitivity of slightly older babies to a discrepancy between the locus of the acoustic and visual image of an object (Aronson & Rosenbloom, 1971;Spelke, 1976).…”

Robust localisation of multiple speakers exploiting head movements and multi-conditional training of binaural cues

“…Hence, if listeners were only to use these binaural cues, then front-back confusions would frequently occur in which a source located in the front hemifield was mistaken for one located in the rear hemifield (or vice versa). In practice, human listeners rarely make front-back confusions because they also use information gleaned from head movements to resolve ambiguities [4,3,5].…”

Localization Accuracy Resulting From Isolated Binaural Stimulation

“…The present theories seem to indicate that localiration in a complex integation of intensity, temporal, and phase differences at the two ears. Additional cues are probably present resulting from visual stimuli and/or proprioceptive muscle tonus (8). Observations have also been made that complex tones are more easily and reliably located than are pure tones.…”