The role of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide in fire casualties: A prospective study

In vitro metabolism of a thrombin inhibitor and quantitation of metabolically generated cyanide

“…The measurement of cyanide in biological samples by ultraviolet and spectrophotometric methods has been reported previously [14][15][16][17][18]. However, these methods lacked the sensitivity to detect cyanide at the nanomolar level.…”

Assessment of carboxyhemoglobin, hydrogen cyanide and methemoglobin in fire victims: a novel approach

“…Two of the 32 cases from our episode also fall into Zone I. Only a few cases reported by Lundquist et al [2] and one case published by Ishii et al [14] describe quantitative values higher than the toxic range for both COHb and HCN.…”

“…It is well known that fire generates various gases, some of which are very toxic, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which when inhaled can be lethal [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, oxygen depletion and the generation of carbon particles and other volatile compounds where the fire occurs can directly affect the toxic action of the mixture of gases generated [7].…”

Determination of iodide in urine using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…To examine the influence of these anions, it may be necessary to detect I − in solutions where the concentration of these interfering ions can be altered. Cyanide poisoning has recently been increased in fire victims due to the increased hydrogen cyanide production in fires from nitrogen-containing organic materials [20]. Therefore, as a preliminary study, urines of smoker [18], fire victim and victim poisoned with cyanide, denoted as group 1, was compared with urines of non-smoker, denoted as group 2, to see if the present method is applicable to those samples.…”

“…Therefore, as a preliminary study, urines of smoker [18], fire victim and victim poisoned with cyanide, denoted as group 1, was compared with urines of non-smoker, denoted as group 2, to see if the present method is applicable to those samples. Since levels in casual urine of Japanese showed a very large difference due to high iodine intakes [21], the level of each subjects was listed as follows: a smoker, 8.5 × 10 −6 M; 8 fire victims (3,4,10,11,12,15,20,31) × 10 −7 , respectively; a victim poisoned with cyanide, 6.0 × 10 −5 M; 10 non-smokers (4,5,11,12,15,20,46,56,105, 310) × 10 −7 , respectively. The values of group 1 were from 3 × 10 −7 to 6.0 × 10 −5 M and those of group 2 were from 4 × 10 −7 Table 1 Intra-day (six times) and inter-day (6 days) variations of I − values determined by the present method.…”