The role of IgA in gastrointestinal helminthiasis: A systematic review

Ramos, Anne Caroline Santos; Oliveira, Luciana M.; Santos, Yvanna L D C O; Dantas, Marlon Claudener dos Santos; Walker, Cristiani Isabel Banderó; Faria, Ana Maria Caetano; Bueno, Lilian Lacerda; Dolabella, Silvio Santana; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2022.08.003

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that the placental transfer of TGF-β and IL-10 during pregnancy, and through breast milk during lactation “educate” the immune response of the child promoting mucosal IgA responses ( 59 ). At the same time, several helminth infections are associated with eosinophils presence and activation, which correlated with the evidences of the role of eosinophils in the production and maintenance of IgA plasma cells ( 60 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Helminth Infections On Tb Diagnosis Treatment and ...supporting

confidence: 55%

“…Besides TB and other infectious diseases gaining access by the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and other mucosal sites, the development of mucosal vaccines against helminths is another possibility in helminths endemic areas, in this regard, the protective role of SIgA against helminth infections after mucosal vaccination in different animal models have been reported ( 60 ). The impact of SIgA in protection was associated to the presence of lower parasitic loads, fecal and female eggs count, and worm length, which is consistent with in vitro reported activities of SIgA from immunized animals, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of eosinophils, neutralization of helminth excretory/secretory products and the attachment to different helminth stages ( 60 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Helminth Infections On Tb Diagnosis Treatment and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens

et al. 2023

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Section: Impact Of Helminth Infections On Tb Diagnosis Treatment and ...supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Impact Of Helminth Infections On Tb Diagnosis Treatment and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens

et al. 2023

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“…This age-dependent increase in IgE seroprevalence might indicate the presence of long-lived IgE plasma cells/memory B cells which are continuously boosted by Ascaris antigen exposure [ 48 ]. Higher helminth-specific IgA in animal models has consistently been associated with lower parasitological parameters [ 49 ]. While there is no data on the role of Ascaris -specific IgA in humans, the higher IgA antibody levels observed in the older Ascaris -negative children in the current study suggest an age-dependent role of IgA in immunity or immunomodulation [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of copromicroscopy, multiplex-qPCR and antibody serology for monitoring of human ascariasis in endemic settings

Mugo,

Rausch,

Musimbi

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background The standard diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections relies on the detection of worm eggs by copromicroscopy. However, this method is dependent on worm patency and shows only limited accuracy in low-intensity infection settings. We aimed to decipher the diagnostic accuracy of different antibodies using various Ascaris antigens in reference to copromicroscopy and quantitative PCR (qPCR), four months after national STH preventative chemotherapy among school children in western Kenya. Methodology STH infection status of 390 school children was evaluated via copromicroscopy (Kato-Katz and mini-FLOTAC) and qPCR. In parallel, Ascaris-specific antibody profiles against larval and adult worm lysates, and adult worm excretory-secretory (ES) products were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody cross-reactivity was evaluated using the closely related zoonotic roundworm species Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis. The diagnostic accuracy of each antibody was evaluated using receiver operating curve analysis and the correspondent area under the curve (AUC). Principal findings Ascaris was the predominant helminth infection with an overall prevalence of 14.9% (58/390). The sensitivity of mini-FLOTAC and Kato-Katz for Ascaris diagnosis reached only 53.5% and 63.8%, respectively compared to qPCR. Although being more sensitive, qPCR values correlated with microscopic egg counts (R = -0.71, P<0.001), in contrast to antibody levels. Strikingly, IgG antibodies recognizing the ES products of adult Ascaris worms reliably diagnosed active Ascaris infection as determined by qPCR and microscopy, with IgG1 displaying the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75–0.91). Conclusion IgG1 antibody responses against adult Ascaris-ES products hold a promising potential for complementing the standard fecal and molecular techniques employed for monitoring Ascaris infections. This is of particular importance in the context of deworming programs as the antibody diagnostic accuracy was independent of egg counts.

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“…The immune response against GIN involves the production of IgA, and its increase has been related to more resistant sheep under experimental conditions, especially against T. circumcincta and H. contortus . Indeed, in experimentally infected sheep, increasedlevels of IgA in adult Churra sheep and lambs belonging to the Scottish Blackface and Canarian Hair breeds have been associated with shorter female nematodes and, consequently, with a lower number of female worm eggs in utero [ 25 , 43 , 44 ]. Most of the IgA present in saliva is produced by B-lymphocytes that migrate through the blood from the lymphoid tissue associated with gastrointestinal mucosa; however, the relationship between IgA in saliva and plasma remains to be determined [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory IgA as Biomarker for Gastrointestinal Nematodes Natural Infection in Different Breed Sheep

Agüero

Valderas-García

Palacio

et al. 2023

Animals

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Specific IgA antibody has been shown to play an important role in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in sheep, particularly in Teladorsagia circumcincta parasitosis. In some breeds, negative associations have been shown between IgA levels and worm burden in experimentally infected sheep. In the present study, we have studied the relationship between IgA levels in naturally infected sheep (582 ewes in total; 193 younger than one year old and 389 older than one year old) and fecal egg count (FEC) in the Assaf, Castellana, and Churra breeds. ELISA assays were performed to measure IgA levels against the somatic antigen of T. circumcincta third larval stage (L3) and a 203-amino-acid fragment of the protein disulfide isomerase from the same GIN species. A multilevel random intercept model was developed to predict the infection risk according to age or breed. Spearman’s correlation rank was used for statistical analysis. The prediction model showed that breed was not an influential factor in this study, although the Assaf breed could be considered slightly more susceptible than the others. In addition, age affected the infection risk, with the young ewes more susceptible to infection than the adult groups, except for the Castellana breed, whose risk of infection was similar at all ages. The most significant positive association was found between FEC and IgA measured in the nasal secretions of young ewes using both antigens (Rho = 0.5; p = 0.00); the correlation of FEC with IgA in serum was moderately significant (Rho = 0.306; p = 0.00). Comparing both antigens, the protein disulfide isomerase antigen was less reactive than the somatic antigen from L3. In conclusion, under natural conditions, specific IgA against GIN was positively associated with FEC in sheep, with nasal secretions from young animals being the sample where this association is stronger, which, therefore, could be used as a marker of infection in further studies.

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The role of IgA in gastrointestinal helminthiasis: A systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens

Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens

Evaluation of copromicroscopy, multiplex-qPCR and antibody serology for monitoring of human ascariasis in endemic settings

Secretory IgA as Biomarker for Gastrointestinal Nematodes Natural Infection in Different Breed Sheep

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