The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in anaplastic thyroid cancer (Case Series)

Sukari, Ammar; Kukreja, Geetika; Nagasaka, Misako; Shukairy, Mohammad K; Yoo, George H.; Lin, Ho‐Sheng; Hotaling, Jeffrey; Kim, Harold

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104744

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…An objective response rate of 16% and a 1-year survival rate of 38% were noted for ATC treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab ( 45 ). However, only one patient in a trial using stereotactic body radiation therapy and the CTLA-4 inhibitor tremelimumab or the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab for metastatic ATC lived for more than a year ( 46 ).Furthermore, additional research reported the efficacy of pembrolizumab and spartalizumab for patients with ATC, which demonstrated the anti-tumor action of ICIs in ATC management ( 47 , 48 ).…”

Section: Application Of Immunotherapy In Atcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of immunotherapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer

Chen,

Xiao,

2024

Front. Oncol.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer. While ATC is rare, its mortality is high. Standard treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have demonstrated limited efficacy in managing ATC. However, the advent of immunotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis for patients with ATC. Immunotherapy effectively targets and eliminates tumor cells by using the power of the body’s immune cells. The neoantigen is an atypical protein generated by somatic mutation, is exclusively observed in neoplastic cells, and is devoid of central tolerance. Neoantigens exhibit enhanced specificity towards tumor cells and display robust immunogenic properties. Currently, neoantigen therapy is primarily applied in immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapy, encompassing adoptive immunotherapy and tumor vaccines. This study discusses the mechanism, tumor microenvironment, clinical trials, adverse events, limitations and future directions associated with ATC immunotherapy.

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Section: Application Of Immunotherapy In Atcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of immunotherapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer

Chen,

Xiao,

2024

Front. Oncol.

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“…Since the recent innovation of targeted PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction by monoclonal antibodies atezolizumab, spartalizumab and pembrolizumab, the application of immunotherapy has been increasing[ 6 , 12 , 93 ]. It may be a promising therapeutic choice, especially in those with high PD-1 and PD-L1 expression without BRAF gene mutations[ 4 , 40 , 48 , 59 , 94 ].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on current diagnosis and management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Pavlidis,

Galanis,

Pavlidis

2023

World J Clin Oncol

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Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 95%. However, the undifferentiated or anaplastic type accounting for < 0.2%, usually in elderly individuals, exhibits a dismal prognosis with rapid growth and disappointing outcomes. It is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma, with a median survival of 5 mo and poor quality of life (airway obstruction, dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent pain). Early diagnosis and staging are crucial. Diagnostic tools include biopsy (fine needle aspiration, core needle, open surgery), high-resolution ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, [(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomo-graphy/computed tomography, liquid biopsy and microRNAs. The BRAF gene (BRAF-V600E and BRAF wild type) is the most often found molecular factor. Others include the genes RET, KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS . Recent management policy is based on surgery, even debulking, chemotherapy (cisplatin or doxorubicin), radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive), targeted biological agents and immunotherapy. The last two options constitute novel hopeful management modalities improving the overall survival in these otherwise condemned patients. Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody immunotherapy, stem cell targeted therapies, nanotechnology achievements and artificial intelligence imple-mentation provide novel promising alternatives. Genetic mutations determine molecular pathways, thus indicating novel treatment strategies such as anti-BRAF, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor. Treatment with the combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in cases with BRAF-V600E gene mutations and is currently the standard care. This neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery ensures a two-year overall survival of 80%. Prognostic factors for improved outcomes have been found to be younger age, earlier tumor stage and radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary, and the therapeutic plan should be individualized based on surveillance and epidemiology end results.

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“…These results reflect the potential and serious adverse reactions associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In one case report (62), two patients with ATC received anti-PD-1 drug treatment, of which one had poor efficacy. This also reflects that, in some cases, ATC patients have a poor response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and the response rate to different drugs varies greatly.…”

Section: Pd-1/pd-l1 Blockadementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy or targeted therapy: What will be the future treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?

et al. 2023

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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma (TC). Currently, there are no effective treatments for this condition. In the past few years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made significant progress in ATC treatment. Several common genetic mutations have been found in ATC cells, involving different molecular pathways related to tumor progression, and new therapies that act on these molecular pathways have been studied to improve the quality of life of these patients. In 2018, the FDA approved dabrafenib combined with trametinib to treat BRAF-positive ATC, confirming its therapeutic potential. At the same time, the recent emergence of immunotherapy has also attracted wide attention from researchers. While immunotherapy for ATC is still in the experimental stage, numerous studies have shown that immunotherapy is a potential therapy for ATC. In addition, it has also been found that the combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy may enhance the anti-tumor effect of targeted therapy. In recent years, there has been some progress in the study of targeted therapy or immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, showing the prospect of combined therapy in ATC. In this review, we analyze the response mechanism and potential effects of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in ATC treatment and explore the future of treatment for ATC.

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The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in anaplastic thyroid cancer (Case Series)

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Research progress of immunotherapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer

Research progress of immunotherapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer

Update on current diagnosis and management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Immunotherapy or targeted therapy: What will be the future treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?

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