The role of infectious agents in the development of porcine gastric ulceration

Witte, Chloë De; Ducatelle, Richard; Haesebrouck, Freddy

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.015

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additional factors thought to increase risk of gastric ulceration include recurrent interruption of feed intake such as feed outages, increased fluidity of digesta, Mycoplasma spp. vaccination, season ( Ramis et al, 2006 ; Gottardo et al, 2017 ; Thomson and Friendship, 2019 ), and possibly infectious etiologies ( De Witte et al, 2018 ). Additionally, treatment of finishing pigs with an anthelmintic has been associated with reduced risk of gastric ulceration ( Gottardo et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production. I: review of non-infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Postweaning mortality is a complex causal matrix involving animal, environment, and infectious etiologic factors. Despite advances in swine productivity such as total pigs born, growth rate, feed intake, and efficiency, there have been modest to no improvements in postweaning mortality rates over the last several years. Industry averages for postweaning mortality range from four to eight percent for each the nursery, grow-finish, or wean-finish stages. Retrospective mortality causal analyses of individual databases have been performed. However, little information derived from meta-analysis, systematic review, or comprehensive literature reviews are available. In order to develop and evaluate strategies to comprehensively manage and reduce postweaning mortality, addressing the complexity and range of impact that factors have on mortality is necessary to identify and prioritize such contributing factors. Our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding non-infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. Postweaning mortality can be generalized into non-infectious and infectious causes, with non-infectious factors further classified into anatomic abnormalities, toxicity, animal factors, facility factors, nutritional inadequacies, season, and management factors. Important non-infectious factors that have been identified through review of literature include birth weight, pre-weaning management, weaning age and weight, and season. Additionally, reasons for mortality with a low incidence but a high magnitude include abdominal organ torsion/volvulus, sodium ion or ionophore toxicosis, or dietary imbalance due to feed formulation or manufacture error. Many interactive effects are present between and among infectious and non-infectious factors, but an important trend is the impact that non-infectious factors have on the incidence, severity, and resolution of infectious disease. Strategies to reduce postweaning mortality must consider the dynamic, complex state that forms the causal web. Control of postweaning mortality through understanding of the complexity, evaluation of mortality reduction strategies through rigorous scientific evaluation, and implementation remains an area of opportunity for continued growth and development in the global swine industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production. I: review of non-infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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“…The exact mechanism of gastric ulcers remains unclear due to multifactorial agents, such as diet size, management and infectious agents. Severe respiratory infections have been associated with gastric lesions, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), swine influenza, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or porcine circovirus type 2, and the Ascaris suum infestation or Mycoplasma vaccination [3,20]. Lactobacillus-elicited score was significantly greater in the antrum and corpus of stomachs without ulcers when compared with stomachs with ulcers in gnotobiotic pigs [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Ulceration and Immune Suppression in Weaned Piglets Associated with Feed-Borne Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus fumigatus

Wang

et al. 2020

Toxins

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As a multifactorial cause, gastric ulceration-mediated diarrhea is widely prevalent in the weaned piglets, impairing pig health and economic benefits. With full implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs in China, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) were identified frequently in porcine feedstuffs and feeds of the animal industry. Association between feed-borne B. cereus and frequent diarrhea remains unclear. In the present study, we conducted a survey of B. cereus and A. fumigatus from feeds and feedstuffs in pig farms during hot season. Interestingly, B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. thuringinesis were isolated and identified from piglets’ starter meals to sow feeds, accounting for 56.1%, 23.7%, 13.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Obviously, both B. cereus and B. subtili were dominant contaminants in the survey. In an in vitro study, Deoxynivalenol (DON) contents were determined in a dose-dependent manner post fermentation with B. cereus (405 and DawuC). Subsequently, 36 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four groups and the piglets simultaneously received the combination of virulent B. cereus (Dawu C) and A. fumigatus while animals were inoculated with B. cereus (Dawu C), A. fumigatus or PBS as the control group. Clinically, piglets developed yellow diarrhea on day 5 and significant reductions of relative body weight were observed in the B. cereus group, and co-infection group. More importantly, IgG titers against Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) were reduced dramatically during 14-day observation in co-infection group, the B. cereus (Dawu C) group or the A. fumigatus group. However, lower Foot and mouth disease (FMD) -specific antibodies were reduced on day 7 compared to those of the control group. Additionally, lower lymphocyte proliferations were found in the B. cereus group and the co-infection group compared to the control group. Postmortem, higher lesions of gastric ulceration were observed in the B. cereus group and the co-infection group from day 7 to day 14 compared with those of the A. fumigatus group and the control group. Compared to the A. fumigatus group, higher DON contents were detected in the stomach inoculated with B. cereus and the co-infection with A. fumigatus. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that B. cereus might be associated with severe diarrhea by inducing gastric ulcerations and A. fumigatus might aggravate immune suppression, threating a sustainable swine industry. It is urgently needed to control feed-borne B. cereus contamination.

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“…Disturbance of this delicate system is strongly correlated with the onset and progression of a wide range of pathologies [28]. Alterations in the gastric microbial community may play a role in porcine gastric lesion development [1]. However, due to technical limitations and the fact that the stomach was long considered inhospitable, limited information is available on the gastric microbiota composition of pigs [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aetiology is multifactorial. Diet particle size, management and infection with pathogens are factors that have been hypothesized to be involved [1]. The exact pathophysiological mechanism behind porcine gastric ulceration, however, is not completely clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the non-glandular gastric region microbiota in Helicobacter suis-infected versus non-infected pigs identifies a potential role for Fusobacterium gastrosuis in gastric ulceration

Witte

Demeyere

Bruyckere

et al. 2019

Vet Res

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Helicobacter suis has been associated with development of gastric ulcers in the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach, possibly by affecting gastric acid secretion and altering the gastric microbiota. Fusobacterium gastrosuis is highly abundant in the gastric microbiota of H. suis -infected pigs and it was hypothesized that this micro-organism could play a role in the development of gastric ulceration. The aim of this study was to obtain further insights in the influence of a naturally acquired H. suis infection on the microbiota of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach and in the pathogenic potential of F. gastrosuis . Infection with H. suis influenced the relative abundance of several taxa at phylum, family, genus and species level. H. suis -infected pigs showed a significantly higher colonization rate of F. gastrosuis in the non-glandular gastric region compared to non-infected pigs. In vitro, viable F. gastrosuis strains as well as their lysate induced death of both gastric and oesophageal epithelial cell lines. These gastric cell death inducing bacterial components were heat-labile. Genomic analysis revealed that genes are present in the F. gastrosuis genome with sequence similarity to genes described in other Fusobacterium spp. that encode factors involved in adhesion, invasion and induction of cell death as well as in immune evasion. We hypothesize that, in a gastric environment altered by H. suis , colonization and invasion of the non-glandular porcine stomach region and production of epithelial cell death inducing metabolites by F. gastrosuis , play a role in gastric ulceration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-019-0656-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The role of infectious agents in the development of porcine gastric ulceration

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production. I: review of non-infectious contributing factors

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production. I: review of non-infectious contributing factors

Gastric Ulceration and Immune Suppression in Weaned Piglets Associated with Feed-Borne Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus fumigatus

Characterization of the non-glandular gastric region microbiota in Helicobacter suis-infected versus non-infected pigs identifies a potential role for Fusobacterium gastrosuis in gastric ulceration

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