The role of interactions between trophic levels in determining the effects of UV-B on terrestrial ecosystems

Paul, Nigel D.; Rasanayagam, Sharima; Moody, Sandra A.; Hatcher, P. E.; Ayres, P. G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5718-6_26

Cited by 43 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In addition to UV-B induced plant morphogenetic effects, enhanced solar UV-B affects the secondary productivity of plants. As a consequence, changes in flavonoids, phenolics and polymers of phenolics may affect the plant-animal relationships, other trophic relationships (Paul et al 1997) and decomposition processes (Zepp et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased synthesis of tannins and lignin with enhanced UV-B radiation may have consequences for important ecosystem processes: decomposition of plant material and plant animal relations. Paul et al (1997) discuss changes in the interactions between trophic levels related to UV-B radiation. Tannins consist of polymers of phenolic acids and lignin consists of complex polymers of phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratospheric ozone reduction and ecosystem processes: enhanced UV-B radiation affects chemical quality and decomposition of leaves of the dune grassland species Calamagrostis epigeios

et al. 1997

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This study reports changes in the plant's chemical composition and the decomposition of this plant material under enhanced solar UV-B radiation. Calamagrostis epigeios, a dominant grass species in the dune grassland in The Netherlands, was grown outdoor on an experimental field under ambient and enhanced solar UV-B (5 and 7.5 kJ m-2 day-l UV-BBE, respectively), corresponding to about 15% stratospheric ozone depletion. After one growing season aerial plant parts were harvested. The decomposition of this harvested leaf material was studied in a dune grassland and on the above mentioned experimental field under ambient (5 kJ m-2 day-l UV-BBE) and enhanced (7.5 kJ m -2 day-l UV-BBE) radiation, using litter bags. The chemical quality of the leaves grown under enhanced solar UV-B changed. There was an increase in the leaf content of lignin, while no significant changes occurred for the content of a-cellulose, hemicellulose and tannins under enhanced UV-B. In the field, the rate of decomposition ofleaf material grown under enhanced UV-B (with an increased content of lignin) was reduced. The content of lignin of the decomposing leaf material increased, but less under exposure to enhanced UV-B. The latter may be explained by photodegradation of the lignin. The consequences of enhanced UV-B radiation for carbon fluxes in the dune grassland ecosystem are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone reduction and ecosystem processes: enhanced UV-B radiation affects chemical quality and decomposition of leaves of the dune grassland species Calamagrostis epigeios

et al. 1997

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“…Although copper, air temperature, and to a lesser extent desiccation were deleterious to phage persistence, UV irradiation was the most important factor. Deleterious effects of UV irradiation to microorganisms are widely known and have been analyzed in various microbial ecology studies (19,26,29). In those studies, it was concluded that UVB has a negative impact on individual microbial species as well as on complex microbial communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Survival of Bacteriophage on Tomato Leaf Surfaces

Iriarte

Balogh

Momol

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

147

136

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The ability of bacteriophage to persist in the phyllosphere for extended periods is limited by many factors, including sunlight irradiation, especially in the UV zone, temperature, desiccation, and exposure to copper bactericides. The effects of these factors on persistence of phage and formulated phage (phage mixed with skim milk) were evaluated. In field studies, copper caused significant phage reduction if applied on the day of phage application but not if applied 4 or 7 days in advance. Sunlight UV was evaluated for detrimental effects on phage survival on tomato foliage in the field. Phage was applied in the early morning, midmorning, early afternoon, and late evening, while UVA plus UVB irradiation and phage populations were monitored. The intensity of UV irradiation positively correlated with phage population decline. The protective formulation reduced the UV effect. In order to demonstrate direct effects of UV, phage suspensions were exposed to UV irradiation and assayed for effectiveness against bacterial spot of tomato. UV significantly reduced phage ability to control bacterial spot. Ambient temperature had a pronounced effect on nonformulated phage but not on formulated phages. The effects of desiccation and fluorescent light illumination on phage were investigated. Desiccation caused a significant but only slight reduction in phage populations after 60 days, whereas fluorescent light eliminated phages within 2 weeks. The protective formulation eliminated the reduction caused by both of these factors. Phage persistence was dramatically affected by UV, while the other factors had less pronounced effects. Formulated phage reduced deleterious effects of the studied environmental factors.

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“…We selected this spectral weighting function based on the fact that Paul et al (1997) reviewed the spectral characteristics of nine fungal responses and concluded that this DNA damage spectrum closely approximated the fungal responses. All the light measurements were done with a spectroradiometer (Ocean Optics model USB2000 + rad) connected to a portable computer.…”

Section: Uv-b Chambersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV-B radiation on Lecanicillium spp., biological control agents of the coffee leaf rust pathogen

Galvao¹,

Bettiol²

2014

Trop. plant pathol.

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Coffee leaf rust is the main disease of coffee and its causal agent is naturally hyperparasited by Lecanicillium lecanii, indicating its potential for biocontrol. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an important factor that interferes on application of biocontrol agents, and Lecanicillium can be affected by UV-B. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of UV-B on Lecanicillium isolates and on its capacity to colonize rust lesions. There were variations among Lecanicillium strains in sensitivity to UV-B radiation, causing inactivation and delayed spore germination. The most tolerant strain (CCMA-1143) had LD 50 =1.63 kJ/m 2 of UV-B. The incidence and colonization of Lecanicillium on coffee leaf rust lesions were influenced by the dose of UV-B radiation, and were increased when the isolate CCMA-1143 was sprayed on rust lesions. The effects of UV-B should be considered on efficacy studies for the development of biopesticides.

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The role of interactions between trophic levels in determining the effects of UV-B on terrestrial ecosystems

Cited by 43 publications

References 70 publications

Stratospheric ozone reduction and ecosystem processes: enhanced UV-B radiation affects chemical quality and decomposition of leaves of the dune grassland species Calamagrostis epigeios

Stratospheric ozone reduction and ecosystem processes: enhanced UV-B radiation affects chemical quality and decomposition of leaves of the dune grassland species Calamagrostis epigeios

Factors Affecting Survival of Bacteriophage on Tomato Leaf Surfaces

Effects of UV-B radiation on Lecanicillium spp., biological control agents of the coffee leaf rust pathogen

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