“…Such early approaches to the geography of port system evolution were predominately taken from a spatial perspective (Bird, 1963;Taaffe et al, 1963;Rimmer, 1967;Hoyle, 1968;Hayuth, 1981;Barke, 1986;Van Klink, 1998). As the industry developed, analysis has turned to address port competition through hinterland accessibility (Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2005;Monios and Wilmsmeier, 2013), the structure of maritime services (Sánchez and Wilmsmeier, 2006;Rodrigue and Notteboom, 2010) and the influence of liner service concentration (e.g. Frémont and Soppé, 2007;Lee et al, 2008;Wilmsmeier andSánchez, 2011, Wang andDucruet, 2012).…”