The role of intestinal epithelial barrier function in the development of NEC

Halpern, Melissa D.; Denning, Patricia W.

doi:10.1080/21688370.2014.1000707

Cited by 148 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…During this early period of life, the intestinal barrier is particulary permeable to allow antibodies in the mother’s colostrum to cross into the infant’s blood. This increased permeability in neonates can cause intestinal inflammation and can lead to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) [61]. While a direct link between early changes in bone density with reduced barrier function in neonates and children has yet to be proven, studies in inflammatory bowel patients and animal models support this link (see section on IBD below).…”

Section: Barrier Pathophysiology In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling

Rios‐Arce

Collins

Schepper

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis. The barrier regulates nutrient absorption as well as prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the host. It is composed of epithelial cells, tight junctions, and a mucus layer. Several factors, such as cytokines, diet, and diseases can affect this barrier. These factors have been shown to increase intestinal permeability, inflammation, and translocation of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, dysregulation of the epithelial barrier can result in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Our lab and others have also shown that barrier disruption can have systemic effects including bone loss. In this chapter, we will discuss the current literature to understand the link between intestinal barrier and bone. We will discuss how inflammation, aging, dysbiosis and metabolic diseases can affect intestinal barrier-bone link. In addition, we will highlight the current suggested mechanism between intestinal barrier and bone.

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Section: Barrier Pathophysiology In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling

Rios‐Arce

Collins

Schepper

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…A major predisposing factor to develop NEC is prematurity. Proposed contributors to the development of NEC include immaturity of gut motility and digestion, intestinal circulatory regulation, gut barrier function, and immune defense [12]. Formula feeding, hypoxia, disruption of commensal intestinal bacteria and a genetic predisposition have also been implicated [13–15].…”

Section: Necrotizing Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal barrier dysfunction in human necrotizing enterocolitis

Moore

Nighot

Reyes

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but has not been directly measured in human NEC. Methods Small intestines removed during surgery were immediately mounted in an Ussing chamber. mRNA expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins was measured with RT-PCR. Results Fifteen infants were included, 5 with NEC and 10 with other diagnoses. Average transepithelial resistance (TER) was 11.61 ± 1.65 Ω/cm2 in NEC specimens, 23.36 ± 1.48 Ω/cm2 at resection margin, and 46.48 ± 5.65 Ω/cm2 in controls. Average flux of permeability marker mannitol was 0.23 ± 0.06 μMol/cm2 per h in NEC, 0.04 ± 0.01 μMol/cm2 per h at resection margin, and 0.017 ± 0.004 μMol/cm2 per h in control tissue (p < 0.05). RT-PCR analysis showed marked decrease in mRNA expression of a TJ protein occludin in NEC affected tissue (p < 0.03 vs. control). Additionally, mRNA expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), an important regulator of TJ permeability, was increased in NEC specimens. Conclusion These studies show for the first time that NEC intestinal tissue have increased intestinal permeability, even at grossly healthy-appearing resection areas. The increase in intestinal permeability in NEC appeared to be related in part to a decrease in occludin and an increase in MLCK expression. Level of evidence Level 2.

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“…The episodes of sepsis due to Bifidobacterium described in the medical literature are few, they are isolated cases and in the pediatric patients they preferentially affect preterm infants with very low birth weight (generally less than 1,500 grams), with infections of the periumbilical skin, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with advanced degrees of evolution (Bell stage > 2), congenital malformations and intravenous lines for parenteral feeding. Some cases received probiotics as a preventive measure against the possibility of NEC or sepsis [30][31][32][33][34][35] . In cases of preschool or school age children and in adults in whom invasion to the bloodstream by Bifidobacterium was detected, some were affected by tumors or haf been subjected to antitumor therapies.…”

Section: Casei L Plantarum L Acidophilus L Delbruecki Subsp Bumentioning

confidence: 99%

Inocuidad, prevención y riesgos de los probióticos

Brunser

2017

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms which, when ingested in adequate numbers, confer health benefits to the host. They are currently consumed without any age restrictions and adverse effects such as sepsis, a marker of the risk of invasion of the bloodstream, are extremely infrequent. However, some health professionals express doubts about probiotics being truly innocuous. This review discusses the incidence of sepsis secondary to probiotics use, mainly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, evaluated through molecular biology or classic culture techniques, showing that sepsis in large numbers of individuals along decennia is extremely low, of the order of 0,02% en some centers or as low as 1 case/million population in France. These data are important considering the use different species and strains of these microorganisms. Few studies which have reported other adverse effects but many of these have problems with their design that cast doubt about the validity of their results. On the contrary, it has been shown that probiotic microorganisms exert positive stimulatory effects on innate and acquired immunity, with decrease of the manifestations of atopy and eczema. These positive effects are further evidenced by the beneficial effects of many species of probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in patients as functionally labile as premature-born babies.

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The role of intestinal epithelial barrier function in the development of NEC

Cited by 148 publications

References 116 publications

Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling

Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling

Intestinal barrier dysfunction in human necrotizing enterocolitis

Inocuidad, prevención y riesgos de los probióticos

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