The Role of L. Methionine, L. Carnitine, Choline and/or Silymarin in Hepatoprotection Against Paracetamol Intoxication and Oxidative Stress in Broilers

Abstract

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) was used for long time in poultry as an antipyretic drug and as a growth stimulator. However, high doses of paracetamol cause unpleasant side effects such as hepatorenal toxicity as mirrored by depletion of glutathione reserve, increase lipid peroxidation and increase liver enzymes or even sudden death with lethal doses. Therefore, this study was designated to evaluate the ameliorative effect of L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and/or silymarin on the hepatotoxic effect induced by high doses of paracetamol. The study was applied on 80 chicks (from 1 till 33 days old) in special cages divided into 8 groups each one contained 10 chicks. The 1 st group was used as a control, while the next 2-5 groups were supplemented with L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and silymarin, respectively with doses as recommended by NRC, the 5 th group was supplemented with silymarin (1 g/kg diet), the 6 th group was supplemented with a mixture of the 4 supplements, the 7 th group (hepatic intoxicated group) was given paracetamol (650 mg/kg diet for 7 days), and the 8 th group was administrated paracetamol with a mixture of the 4 supplements. Serum samples were collected to determine levels of lipid profile [triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)], liver damage enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST)], lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of antioxidant enzymes [glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. The obtained results revealed that there was a significant improvement in all measured serum biochemical parameters and final body weight gain in the combined group (4 supplements + paracetamol) as compared to the paracetamol group. These data conclude that supplementation of poultry diets with L. methionine, L. carnitine, choline and silymarin can improve the negative effect of paracetamol through increasing the body weight gain and antioxidant activity of glutathione and superoxide dismutase and decreasing malondialdehyde, liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglycerides.

The effects of L-carnitine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on performance, antioxidant parameters, and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in laying hens

“…The increase in free radicals in cells has been linked to MDA overproduction ( Maurya et al, 2021 ). The results of this study agree with those of Aziz et al (2019) , who reported that dietary supplementation with LC significantly reduced MDA levels in broiler serum and liver ( Aziz et al, 2019 ).…”

Effect of using two concentrations of BEDGEN 40 in drinking water at different periods on some productive characteristics in broilers

“…The improvement in live body weight, weight gain, and the food conversion factor may be due to the role of choline chloride, as choline is an essential and necessary source for the cell in donating a methyl group that is important for the manufacture of methionine and creatine. [33]; [34] and also choline has an important role in the metabolism and metabolism of liver fats, preventing the occurrence of fatty liver and activating the liver process [16] and choline has a role as an antioxidant and reducing oxidative stress [35]. The reason for the superiority in weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in the first period may be due to the essential amino acid leucine, which activates the synthesis of proteins involved in the structure of muscles by activating the enzyme rapamycin, which is necessary in building skeletal muscles, especially in the early stages of the age of chicks.…”

Evaluation of commercial doses of a feed additive and silymarin on broiler performance with and without CCl4-induced liver damage

“…However, specifically in the poultry industry, which demands practical and cost-effective solutions, the dose is a critical aspect to be analyzed when determining the efficacy of feed additives ( Surai and Surai, 2023 ). Several authors have tested silymarin effects in ameliorating hepatic damage in broilers and obtained significant improvements in growth performance using doses around 500 mg/kg or higher in the feed ( Khatoon et al, 2013 ; Jahanian et al, 2017 ; Aziz et al, 2019 ). At lower doses, silymarin has a positive influence on productive performance, but when compared with the additive-free diet, the differences are not always statistically significant ( Schiavone et al, 2007 ; Blevins et al, 2010 ; Sakamoto et al, 2018 ; Lukanov et al, 2019 ; Armanini et al, 2021 ; Shanmugam et al, 2022 ; Surai and Surai, 2023 ).…”