The role of lens extraction in glaucoma management

Abstract

Cataract extraction has become a much safer procedure with the development of phacoemulsification, extending its application in ocular conditions such as glaucoma for better disease control.This review aims at summarizing the effect of lens extraction with or without combined glaucoma surgeries in different types of glaucoma and describing the intraoperative techniques and changes of glaucoma care postoperatively. A comprehensive literature search was performed through Medline and PubMed, and 67 studies were selected for this review. In primary angle closure (PAC) diseases, studies have revealed significant intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication requirement reduction after lens extraction. Fewer studies described its application in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT), but literature available suggests that it can also lead to better disease control. Likewise, lower postoperative IOP and pressure fluctuations have been shown in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Advanced glaucoma, shallow anterior chamber and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) are three difficult scenarios that are commonly encountered in cataract operations. Special techniques in preventing complications such as wipe out phenomenon are depicted. Goniosynechialysis, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and trabecular microbypass stents are a few of the popular choices of glaucoma procedures that can be performed concomitantly with phacoemulsification but evidence of their efficacy needs to be further verified. Cataract operation can improve visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer examination parameters and it is advised to set new baselines after the surgery for subsequent progression monitoring. Clearance of an optically significant cataract results in better quality of life, and with detailed and thorough explanation of the indications, expectations and risks of the surgery, cataract extraction could be considered even in cases of advanced glaucoma.

Application of the Active-Fluidics System in Phacoemulsification: A Review

“…Apart from the anatomical characteristics of short eyes, glaucoma patients usually exhibit a combination of elevated IOP and optic nerve impairment. The defective optic nerve is less resilient to the ischemic and hypoxic environment caused by IOP fluctuations [ 14 , 42 , 69 ]. Studies showed that in cataract patients suffering from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), PKE with the AFS alleviated the inflammatory congestion of the optic disc, reduced retinal nerve fiber layer edema and offered great protection towards the optic nerve [ 70 ].…”

Does Cataract Extraction Significantly Affect Intraocular Pressure of Glaucomatous/Hypertensive Eyes? Meta-Analysis of Literature

“…Numerous studies have now shown that cataract extraction, significant in the visual field, can lead to an improvement in sight with an improvement in associated quality of life, especially in patients with pre-existing damage to the visual field, e.g., glaucoma patients. These benefits need to be attentively discussed with glaucoma patients, explaining accurately the involved risks and the implications of surgery [39]. Various theories were hypothesised in trying to explain these reductions in ocular hypertension:…”