The role of long non‐coding RNAs in multiple myeloma

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, and its pathogenesis involves cytogenetics and epigenetics. In recent years, the roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MM have been deeply studied by scholars. LncRNAs are defined as a class of non‐protein‐coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, which are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and chromatin remodeling. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of these lncRNAs. They can act as oncogenic and/or tumor‐suppressive factors in the development and progression of MM. But that how do they work remains unclear. In this review, the recent progress in the study of functional lncRNAs associated with MM was summarized and the present knowledge about their expression and roles was discussed, to provide guidance for the in‐depth functional study of lncRNAs.

<p>Long Non-Coding RNA ASB16-AS1 Functions as a miR-760 Sponge to Facilitate the Malignant Phenotype of Osteosarcoma by Increasing HDGF Expression</p>

“…10 They are involved in several aspects of physiological and pathological processes, and their regulatory functions are mediated via diversified mechanisms involving chromatin modification, gene transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation, mRNA post-transcriptional processing, and interaction with proteins or microRNAs (miRNAs). [11][12][13] In recent years, alteration of lncRNA expression has been widely reported in numerous human malignancies and is likely to exert a great impact on carcinogenesis and cancer progression. [14][15][16] Regarding OS, extensive evidence has demonstrated that many lncRNAs are dysregulated and that this dysregulation is important in tumor onset and development.…”

Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 Is Regulated by Bromodomain Protein BRD4 in Multiple Myeloma and Is Associated with Disease Progression

“…LncRNAs are deregulated in many human cancers and are associated with disease progression [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Several studies, including ours, have shed light on the role of lncRNAs in MM progression [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Long Non-coding RNAs in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Myeloma: New Insights on the Role of CRNDE

“…Despite the accumulating evidence of their important role in MM, at present only a few of these lncRNAs have been individually investigated to determine to what extent and by what molecular pathways they influence MM cell growth, tumour progression, treatment-response and disease outcome. Among the few lncRNAs which have been extensively investigated in MM, important examples include the well-established oncogenic lncRNAs MALAT1, H19, TUG1, UCA1 as well as the known tumoursuppressor lncRNA MEG3 (for recent reviews see [21][22][23]). Importantly, these studies revealed that lncRNAs often affect MM cell growth and tumour progression by different pathways to those observed in other malignancies, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms involved are likely to be disease-and context-dependent.…”