The role of micronutrients in the diet of HIV-1-infected individuals

Nunnari, Giuseppe; Coco, C.; Mr, Pinzone; Pavone, Piero; Berretta, Massimiliano; M, Di Rosa; Schnell, Matthias J.; Calabrese, G.; Cacopardo, Bruno

doi:10.2741/e556

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The importance of the gut microbiota for the development of the host’s immune system and the suggested connection between gut microbiota and bone mass in mice led the researchers to investigate the impact of probiotic yogurt on bone mass, especially in the HIV- population [29]. Further studies are required to evaluate the gut microbiota and other micronutrients as a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis [30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects

et al. 2012

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BackgroundDespite the reported high prevalence of osteoporosis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-population, there have been no previous studies examining dairy calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-subjects.We assessed the prevalence of low BMD in HIV-infected and uninfected subjects and analyzed the effects of calcium intake, lifestyle and HIV-related risk factors on BMD.MethodsOne hundred and twelve HIV-infected subjects were consecutively enrolled. Seventy- six HIV-uninfected subjects matched for age and sex were enrolled as the control group. The HIV-subjects were interviewed about lifestyle habits and completed a weekly food-frequency questionnaire to estimate calcium intake. HIV-RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and data on antiretroviral therapy were also recorded. Both biochemical bone turnover markers and BMD, assessed by dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DXA) were recorded in the HIV-cases and controls. We also calculated the 10-year fracture risks using the WHO FRAX equation.ResultsOsteoporosis prevalence was significantly higher in the HIV-cases than controls (p < 0.05). BMI values were positively correlated with BMD (p < 0.05). Vitamin D levels were lower in the HIV-subjects (p < 0.02). No correlation was found with daily calcium intake.BMI values were significantly correlated with dairy intake quartiles (p < 0.003). In HIV-subjects, the mean of FRAX score was 1.2 % for hip and 4.7 % for major osteoporotic fractures. On multivariate analysis of the lumbar spine DXA T-score, age (p < 0.005) and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (p < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with BMD, while yogurt intake was a protective predictor of BMD (p < 0.05). In the femur DXA T-score, age (p < 0.01), nadir CD4 + T-cell count < 200 cells/μL (p < 0.05) and drug addiction ( p < 0.0001) were negatively correlated with BMD.ConclusionsAmong the foods rich in calcium, yogurt was a protective predictor of BMD in HIV-subjects. HIV/HCV co-infection, nadir CD4 + T-cell count < 200 cells/μL and drug addiction were independent predictors of severe BMD. Promoting behavioral changes in food intake and lifestyle, aimed at the primary prevention of bone disease in the chronically-infected subjects seems to be essential for implementing medical intervention in these cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects

et al. 2012

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“…Zinc, selenium, and glutathione [62] have been studied in intervention trials to determine their effects on immune function. Long-term (18-month) zinc supplementation may reduce the likelihood of opportunistic infection in adults and children and improve CD4 counts in adults.…”

Section: Nutritional Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to Address Chronic Disease and HIV: Strategies to Promote Exercise and Nutrition Among HIV-Infected Individuals

et al. 2012

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Food insecurity, micronutrient deficits, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and bone disorders complicate the treatment of HIV infection. Nutrition and exercise interventions can be effective in ameliorating these symptoms that are associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this literature review, we examine the most recent nutrition and exercise interventions for HIV-infected patients. Macronutrient supplementation can be useful in treating malnutrition and wasting. Multivitamin (vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and vitamin E) supplements and vitamin D may improve quality of life and decrease morbidity and mortality. Nutritional counseling and exercise interventions are effective for treating obesity, fat redistribution, and metabolic abnormalities. Physical activity interventions improve body composition, strength, and fitness in HIV-infected individuals. Taken collectively, the evidence suggests that a proactive approach to nutrition and physical activity guidance and interventions can improve outcomes and help abrogate the adverse metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological consequences of HIV and its treatments.

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“…The imbalance between the production of free radicals and the presence of adequate antioxidants causes oxidative stress which further damage biomolecules and accelerate HIV replication. 25,26 Some authors have demonstrated that deficiencies of nutrients could affect immune function, favours viral expression and replication leading to increased morbidity and mortality. 27 Cytokines are necessary for immune system to function optimally.…”

Section: Role Of Trace Elements On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of micronutrients in the diet of HIV-1-infected individuals

Cited by 22 publications

References 162 publications

Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects

Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects

Interventions to Address Chronic Disease and HIV: Strategies to Promote Exercise and Nutrition Among HIV-Infected Individuals

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