The Role of MicroRNAs in Development and Function of Regulatory T Cells – Lessons for a Better Understanding of MicroRNA Biology

Kunze‐Schumacher, Heike; Krueger, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02185

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Tregs accumulate in TME and are attracted by chemokines (CCL17, CCL22, and CCL1) and exert negative regulation on T lymphocytes and on dendritic cells through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and growth factors such as IL-10 and TGF-β and the expression of co-inhibitory receptors (PD-1 and CTLA4) [ 78 ]. Among all investigated miRNAs, miR-155, miR-181, and miR-17-92 play key roles in Treg differentiation and function [ 79 ]. Recently, the lncRNA Flatr has been identified as a key regulator in Tregs switch, promoting Foxp-3 expression in vitro [ 80 ].…”

Section: Ncrna In Immune Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Martino

Riillo

Scionti

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently provided in some cases valuable therapeutic options, the goal of cure has not yet been achieved for most malignancies and more efforts are urgently needed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate several biological processes via selective targeting of crucial molecular signaling pathways. Recently, the key roles of miRNA and lncRNAs as regulators of the immune-response in cancer have progressively emerged, since they may act (i) by shaping the intrinsic tumor cell and microenvironment (TME) properties; (ii) by regulating angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and drug resistance; and (iii) by acting as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment and prediction of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response and the TME. We discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers or as targets for development or clinical translation of new therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the potential combinatory approaches based on ncRNA targeting agents and tumor immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies or CAR-T for the experimental treatment of human cancer.

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Section: Ncrna In Immune Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Martino

Riillo

Scionti

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…A number of apoptosis-regulating ncRNAs have essential roles in this regard. For instance, miR-155 and miR-17~ 92 are involved in differentiation regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their function ( 99 ). miR-21 and miR-26 through down-regulation of TAP1 and reduction in expression of HLA class I antigens affect response to immunotherapies ( 100 ).…”

Section: Ncrnas Cell Apoptosis and Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs on Apoptosis in Lung Cancer

et al. 2021

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Apoptosis is a coordinated cellular process that occurs in several physiological situations. Dysregulation of apoptosis has been documented in numerous pathological situations, particularly cancer. Non-coding RNAs regulate apoptosis via different mechanisms. Lung cancer is among neoplastic conditions in which the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of apoptosis has been investigated. Non-coding RNAs that regulate apoptosis in lung cancer have functional interactions with PI3K/Akt, PTEN, GSK-3β, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, mTOR and other important cancer-related pathways. Globally, over-expression of apoptosis-blocking non-coding RNAs has been associated with poor prognosis of patients, while apoptosis-promoting ones have the opposite effect. In the current paper, we describe the impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs on cell apoptosis in lung cancer.

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“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs of 18–24 nucleotides that play key roles in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, stress resistance and apoptosis by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Numerous studies have found that changes in miRNA expression are closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and tumors [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Exosomal miR-92a-3p with DSN-Assisted Signal Amplification by a MWCNTs@Au NCs Nanoplatform

Sun

Tong

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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The detection of miRNA shows great promise in disease diagnosis. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes@gold nanoclusters (MWCNTs@Au NCs) and duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted signal amplification was fabricated for miRNA detection. Colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated miR-92a-3p extracted from exosomes was selected as the target. MWCNTs@Au NCs performs the dual functions of fluorescence quencher and internal fluorescence reference. In the absence of miR-92a-3p, an Atto-425-modified single-stranded DNA probe is adsorbed on MWCNTs@Au NCs, resulting in the quenching of Atto-425. In the presence of miR-92a-3p, the duplex is formed by hybridization of the probe and miR-92a-3p and leaves the MWCNTs@Au NCs, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of Atto-425. DSN can cleave the probe and result in the release of miR-92a-3p. The released miR-92a-3p can hybridize with other probes to form a signal amplification cycle. The fluorescence of MWCNTs@Au NCs remains stable and constitutes a ratiometric fluorescence system with that of Atto-425. A detection concentration interval of 0.1–10 pM and a limit of detection of 31 fM was obtained under optimized measurement conditions. In addition, the accuracy of the biosensor was validated by detecting the concentration of miR-92a-3p extracted from clinical exosome samples.

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The Role of MicroRNAs in Development and Function of Regulatory T Cells – Lessons for a Better Understanding of MicroRNA Biology

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

The Impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs on Apoptosis in Lung Cancer

Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Exosomal miR-92a-3p with DSN-Assisted Signal Amplification by a MWCNTs@Au NCs Nanoplatform

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