I would like to dedicate this study to all of my former college and professional football teammates, and I would like to dedicate this study to all managers trying to inspire and motivate their subordinates to become more productive within the work environment. I would like to dedicate this degree to my mom, dad, and siblings who encourage me to continue striving for the highest academic accolades. I would also like to dedicate this study to my stellar children (Tia, Jas, Jay, and Jocelyn). I would personally like to dedicate this study to my lovely, beautiful, and supportive wife (La-Toya D. Williams) who continues to inspire me to strive for the best in all academic, professional, and personal endeavors. My wife has dedicated time and finances to make sure I successfully complete this doctoral process, and I dedicate all success to her. I also would like to dedicate this dissertation to a special cousin (Cedric Barnes), and you will be forever in my thoughts. Finally, I would like to dedicate the gathered inspiration, motivation, and belief, to my true source, God. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .