“…Consequently, HGT of genetic modules that allowed adaptation to rapidly evolving biotic interactions was frequently observed (recently reviewed by Smets and Barkay, 2005). Such interactions are, e.g., the production of antibiotics by microbes or their use by humans resulting in the spread of antibiotic resistance (McManus et al, 2002;Witte, 1998), the release of xenobiotics or new secondary metabolites and the spread of degradative genes and pathway assembly (Larraín-Linton et al, 2006;Top and Springael, 2003), or pathogenic and symbiotic interactions and the spread of genomic islands (Arnold et al, 2003;Hacker and Kaper, 2000).…”