The role of motile cilia in the development and physiology of the nervous system

Ringers, Christa; Olstad, Emilie Willoch; Jurisch‐Yaksi, Nathalie

doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0156

Cited by 103 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(344 reference statements)

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“…The cilium of progenitors is in direct contact with CSF, which provides the niche and growth factors necessary for the stem cells to retain their stemness (Fame & Lehtinen, 2020; Lehtinen et al, 2011; Silva‐Vargas et al, 2016). Interestingly, Kishimoto et al observed that the cilia of radial glia on the adult telencephalic wall have a 9 + 2 microtubule organization (Kishimoto et al, 2011), which is mostly observed in motile cilia (Ringers et al, 2020) and suggest that these cilia may be motile. These cells may therefore have flow‐producing properties similar to the motile monociliated cells of the larval zebrafish brain ventricles (Fame, Chang, Hong, Aponte‐Santiago, & Sive, 2016; Olstad et al, 2019; van Leeuwen et al, 2018) and spinal cord (Kramer‐Zucker et al, 2005; Ringers et al, 2020; Sternberg et al, 2018; Thouvenin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Function Of Glia In Brain Homeostasis At the Brain Barriers mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Kishimoto et al observed that the cilia of radial glia on the adult telencephalic wall have a 9 + 2 microtubule organization (Kishimoto et al, 2011), which is mostly observed in motile cilia (Ringers et al, 2020) and suggest that these cilia may be motile. These cells may therefore have flow‐producing properties similar to the motile monociliated cells of the larval zebrafish brain ventricles (Fame, Chang, Hong, Aponte‐Santiago, & Sive, 2016; Olstad et al, 2019; van Leeuwen et al, 2018) and spinal cord (Kramer‐Zucker et al, 2005; Ringers et al, 2020; Sternberg et al, 2018; Thouvenin et al, 2020). Of note, motile monociliated cells described at larval zebrafish are not radial glia, but instead, they constitute other cell types (Olstad et al, 2019; van Leeuwen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Function Of Glia In Brain Homeostasis At the Brain Barriers mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Jurisch‐Yaksi

Yaksi

Kızıl

2020

Glia

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127

107

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The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology of brain circuits. Over the course of evolution, glia have highly diversified and include the radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions in the brain. The zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is no exception to this and recent evidences point to evolutionarily conserved roles for glia in the development and physiology of its nervous system. Due to its small size, transparency, and genetic amenability, the zebrafish has become an increasingly prominent animal model for brain research. It has enabled the study of neural circuits from individual cells to entire brains, with a precision unmatched in other vertebrate models. Moreover, its high neurogenic and regenerative potential has attracted a lot of attention from the research community focusing on neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using zebrafish have the potential to provide fundamental insights about brain development and function, and also elucidate neural and molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases. We will discuss here recent discoveries on the diverse roles of radial glia and astroglia in neurogenesis, in modulating neuronal activity and in regulating brain homeostasis at the brain barriers. By comparing insights made in various animal models, particularly mammals and zebrafish, our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences in glia biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant to humans.

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Section: Function Of Glia In Brain Homeostasis At the Brain Barriers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Function Of Glia In Brain Homeostasis At the Brain Barriers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Jurisch‐Yaksi

Yaksi

Kızıl

2020

Glia

Self Cite

127

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…CSF flow in the brain ventricles consists of a macrofluidic component, which makes up the bulk of flow in the middle of the ventricles, and a microfluidic component close to the ventricle wall (Ringers et al, 2020;Siyahhan et al, 2014). The major bulk of flow is driven by a number of cues, such as the pressure gradient created by CSF secretion, exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid, cardiac and respiratory cycles, and even body movements, which therefore make CSF flow difficult to study (Dreha-Kulaczewski et al, 2015;Feinberg and Mark, 1987;Olstad et al, 2019;Ringers et al, 2020;Spassky et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2016). The bulk CSF flow is primarily thought to nourish the brain and maintain brain homeostasis (Ringers et al, 2020).…”

Section: Brain Ventricular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia barely present with hydrocephalus (Lee, 2013), which suggests apparent differences between species. These differences could possibly be explained by the difference in ventricular size, which could change the contribution of bulk CSF flow compared with near-wall CSF flow (Ringers et al, 2020).…”

Section: Brain Ventricular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis

2020

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Fluid flow is a powerful morphogenic force during embryonic development. The physical forces created by flowing fluids can either create morphogen gradients or be translated by mechanosensitive cells into biological changes in gene expression. In this Primer, we describe how fluid flow is created in different systems and highlight the important mechanosensitive signalling pathways involved for sensing and transducing flow during embryogenesis. Specifically, we describe how fluid flow helps establish left-right asymmetry in the early embryo and discuss the role of flow of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid in sculpting the embryonic cardiovascular and nervous system.

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“…cells in the left-right organizer [1] or in the central canal of the spinal cord [2], or can bear bundles of cilia [3], e.g. cells with ependymal cilia in the brain [4,5] or multi-ciliated cells in the respiratory tract [6]. Motile cilia can also be highly specialized, i.e.…”

Section: Main Body 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CiliaQ – a simple, open-source software for automated quantification of ciliary morphology and fluorescence in 2D, 3D, and 4D images

Hansen

Rassmann

Stüven

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cilia are hair-like membrane protrusions that emanate from the surface of most vertebrate cells and are classified into motile and primary cilia. Motile cilia move fluid flow or propel cells, while also fulfilling sensory functions. Primary cilia are immotile and act as a cellular antenna, translating environmental cues into cellular responses. Ciliary dysfunction leads to severe diseases, commonly termed ciliopathies. The molecular details underlying ciliopathies and ciliary function are, however, not well understood. Since cilia are small subcellular compartments, imaging-based approaches have been used to study them. However, tools to comprehensively analyze images are lacking. Automatic analysis approaches require commercial software and are limited to 2D analysis and only a few parameters. The widely used manual analysis approaches are time consuming, user-biased, and difficult to compare. Here, we present CiliaQ, a package of open-source, freely-available, and easy-to-use ImageJ plugins. CiliaQ allows high throughput analysis of 2D and 3D, static or time-lapse images of cilia in cell culture or tissues, and outputs a comprehensive list of parameters for ciliary morphology, length, bending, orientation, and fluorescence intensity, making it broadly applicable. We envision CiliaQ as a resource and platform for reproducible and comprehensive analysis of ciliary function in health and disease.

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The role of motile cilia in the development and physiology of the nervous system

Cited by 103 publications

References 175 publications

Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis

CiliaQ – a simple, open-source software for automated quantification of ciliary morphology and fluorescence in 2D, 3D, and 4D images

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