The role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors

Zheng, Yiyang; Luo, Yingwei; Chen, Xixi; Li, Huiting; Huang, Baojun; Zhou, Baofeng; Zhu, Lei; Kang, Xianhui; Wang, Geng

doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01341-7

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the loading information and transactivation mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, their source and destination, as well as their working principle remain unclear. In addition to miRNAs, there are few studies related to the comprehensive systematic analysis of other exosomal components (e.g., lipids, proteins, mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and DNA) and their interactions ( 113 – 118 ), reinforcing the need to determine whether there is an immune system influence and its principal mechanisms. As exosomes are derived directly from cell membranes, retain the properties of intact cells, and have a variety of adhesion proteins on their surface, they have become potential carriers for gene therapy, and their nano size and flexibility allow them to cross major biological barriers such as the BBB ( 119 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Immunotherapy

Zhang

Song

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are present in all body fluids tested. They are secreted by a variety of cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and tumor cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have different biological components and functional characteristics and play an important role in many pathophysiological activities. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes can regulate the occurrence and development of inflammatory immune diseases and tumors by transmitting their unique proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as signaling molecules to other cells. Exosomes serve as a novel class of diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery systems with promising applications in immunotherapy, particularly because breakthroughs in nanotechnology have led to the development and exploration of engineered exosomes for immunotargeted therapies. Therefore, here we review the progress being made on the application of exosomes in immunotherapy and its multiple regulatory mechanisms and explore the potential application of exosomes in immunotherapy in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Immunotherapy

Zhang

Song

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The mRNA expression level can reflect the expression of hub genes to a certain extent and often can distinguish diseases and disease subgroups as a gene transcription manuscript. 26–28 Therefore, mRNA has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and prognostic molecular of diseases, including cancer. The AUCs of mRNA of PLK4, TRIP13, CDKN3, SYCP1, HSPA2 , and MKI67 in this study were all above 0.9, and this measure can distinguish cancer tissues from normal tissues well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hub Genes in the Occurrence and Development of Testicular Cancer Based on Bioinformatics

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Cui³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Background Testicular cancer severely affects male health, so finding effective diagnosis and prognostic indicators and exploring its pathogenesis are very important. Purpose This study aims to explore the hub genes that play important roles in the occurrence and development of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). Methods Data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE3218 and GSE1818) and verified in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database and the Human Protein Atlas database. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to obtain hub genes. GEO2R, R software and packages were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), receiver operating characteristic curve assessment, Cox regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curve assessment, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the relationship with clinicopathological information, gene set enrichment analysis, the correlation with immune cells’ infiltration, and the expression in pan-cancers of the hub genes. Results PLK4, TRIP13, TPR, KIF18A, CDKN3, HMMR, PBK, PTTG1, CKS2, SYCP1, HSPA2 , and MKI67 were selected as the hub genes. mRNA of PLK4, TRIP13, CDKN3, SYCP1, HSPA2 , and MKI67 had high diagnostic values, and higher expression of CDKN3 and HSPA2 mRNA were poor prognostic factors for progression-free interval of TGCT. The hub genes involved organelle division and cell cycle, chromosome and centromeric region, heat shock protein binding, and more. Downregulated TPR and PLK4 were selected as research targets for continued study, and they may participate in multiple signaling pathways. The expression of TPR and PLK4 correlated with the infiltration of a variety of immune cells and differed in pan-cancers. Conclusion The mRNA levels of multiple hub genes have high diagnostic and prognostic values for TGCT. TPR and PLK4 may play a role in the occurrence and development of TGCT through cancer-related signaling pathways.

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“…Since mRNA is an essential component of all cells, including tumor cells, changes in mRNA levels of hub genes can be used as molecular indicators for a variety of disorders, including cancer [ 13 , 33 , 34 ]. We find that the AUCs for BUB1B, NUSAP1, TTK, HMMR, CCNA2, and KIF2C were all >0.9, which indicates the expression levels of these genes can be used to differentiate between HCC tissues and normal liver tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of the Key Genes for the Progression of Liver Cirrhosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics

Chen

Qian

et al. 2022

Journal of Oncology

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is among the most globally prevalent cancers, is strongly associated with liver cirrhosis. Using a bioinformatics approach, we have identified and investigated the hub genes responsible for the progression of cirrhosis into HCC. We analyzed the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets, GSE25097 and GSE17549, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these two conditions and also performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to analyze the modules and locate hub genes following which the connections between hub genes and the transition from cirrhosis to HCC, progression of HCC, and prognosis of HCC were investigated. We used the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to detect the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of the primary hub genes. In all, 239 DEGs were obtained, with 94 of them showing evidence of upregulation and 145 showing evidence of downregulation in HCC tissues as compared to cirrhotic liver tissues. We identified six hub genes, namely, BUB1B, NUSAP1, TTK, HMMR, CCNA2, and KIF2C, which were upregulated and had a high diagnostic value for HCC. Besides, these six hub genes were positively related to immune cell infiltration. Since these genes may play a direct role in the progression of cirrhosis to HCC, they can be considered as potential novel molecular indicators for the onset and development of HCC.

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The role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors

Cited by 30 publications

References 209 publications

Research Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Immunotherapy

Research Progress in the Application of Exosomes in Immunotherapy

Role of Hub Genes in the Occurrence and Development of Testicular Cancer Based on Bioinformatics

Screening of the Key Genes for the Progression of Liver Cirrhosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics

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