2021
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622306
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The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells, the large granular lymphocytes differentiated from the common lymphoid progenitors, were discovered in early 1970’s. They are members of innate immunity and were initially defined by their strong cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and by their important effector functions in anti-tumoral immune responses. Nowadays, NK cells are classified among the recently discovered innate lymphoid cell subsets and have capacity to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefo… Show more

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Cited by 165 publications
(127 citation statements)
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References 332 publications
(408 reference statements)
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“…Different KIRs may interact with HLA alleles in various forms, creating sophisticated genotypes of NK cells. It is hypothesized that the HLA-Bw4 group of alleles, notably HLA-B27, may bind to the KIR antigens with varying affinities, displaying inhibitory or stimulatory activities through downstream signal pathways (141)(142)(143). In particular, being an inhibitory receptor, KIR3DL2 ligation with HLA-B27 may inhibit apoptosis of NK cells and protect them from activation-induced cell death (142).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Different KIRs may interact with HLA alleles in various forms, creating sophisticated genotypes of NK cells. It is hypothesized that the HLA-Bw4 group of alleles, notably HLA-B27, may bind to the KIR antigens with varying affinities, displaying inhibitory or stimulatory activities through downstream signal pathways (141)(142)(143). In particular, being an inhibitory receptor, KIR3DL2 ligation with HLA-B27 may inhibit apoptosis of NK cells and protect them from activation-induced cell death (142).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…NK cells also intervene in tumor immunosurveillance and in the balance of the immune system response by destroying some activated immune cells [ 79 , 80 ]. NK cells can be classified as CD56lo NKs and CD56hi NKs [ 81 , 82 , 83 ], with CD56lo NKs having a relatively more potent cytolytic activity and a lower capacity to sense and produce cytokines, especially IFN-γ [ 82 , 83 ].…”
Section: Type 1 Ilcsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These receptors–ligands pairs have been described extensively in several reviews that cover both murine and human NK cell features, and their detailed description is beyond the scope of this review. Recent reports can be consulted for a more comprehensive description of these characteristics [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Briefly, activating or inhibiting receptors can be found on NK cells [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ], and their engagement eventually results in the killing or the protection from the killing of the target cell [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”
Section: Basic Interaction Between Natural Killer Cells and Tumor Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Briefly, activating or inhibiting receptors can be found on NK cells [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ], and their engagement eventually results in the killing or the protection from the killing of the target cell [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. It is commonly accepted that NK cells do no kill self-healthy cells, because they recognize the self-MHC [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 64 ]. This recognition is mediated by receptors belonging to the Killer Ig like superfamily (KIR) and C-lectin type family (CLIR), that have been characterized in detail in other reviews [ 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”
Section: Basic Interaction Between Natural Killer Cells and Tumor Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%