The Role of Nitrosamine (NNK) in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis

Gankhuyag, Nomundelger; Lee, Kanghoon; Cho, Je‐Yoel

doi:10.1007/s10911-017-9381-z

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Garlic has anticancer effects through inhibiting the production and bioactivity of nitrosamines (Atanasova‐Goranova, Dimova, & Pevicharova, ). Nitrosamines play important roles in causing and increasing the risk of cancer (Gankhuyag, Lee, & Cho, ). Belloir et al, indicated that SAC and allyl mercaptan (C 3 H 6 S) significantly inhibited dimethyl nitrosamine genotoxicity (Belloir et al, ) by affecting the metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1; Yamazaki et al, ).…”

Section: A Sativummentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment

Asemani

Zamani

Bayat

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Natural resources such as plants are an upright curing option in treating cancers and reducing the side effects of current therapeutic modalities. Allium genus vegetables are of the most interesting herbs in restricting cancers that includes garlic, onions, leeks, chives, and shallots. These plants have been exploited in folk medicine because of their beneficial health effects in improving numerous diseases. The phytochemical analysis of various Allium genus members showed that, to date, 16 species have proved potential anticancer properties due to the accumulation of various sulfur and organic compounds like S‐allyl mercaptocysteine, quercetin, flavonoids, and ajoene. These compounds with various mechanisms such as hindering cell cycle, inhibiting signaling pathways, inducing apoptosis, and antioxidant activity interfere with diverse stages of formation, growth, differentiation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Similar to garlic and onion, other species have exhibited anticancer activities, so that active natural molecules extracted from them might serve as possible anticancer agents. Therefore, evaluating the main ingredients and studying their anticancer mechanisms are of great importance. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data on anticancer mechanisms of 16 species of Allium genus and their major compounds to assist further researches on the treatment and prevention of cancers.

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Section: A Sativummentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment

Asemani

Zamani

Bayat

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Bychkov et al and Lyukmanova et al confirmed that the expression of functional α7-nAChRs on the cancer cells membrane by confocal microscopy [8,11], suggesting that the homomeric channels that had been composed of α7 subunits are a valuable therapeutic target for cancers. The main argument was that nicotine activated α7 nAChRs can cause Ca 2+ influx into cancer cells and trigger membrane depolarization, which activates voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels and subsequently activates the MAPK pathway, which may result in inhibition of apoptosis [41,42]. Except for α7 nAChRs, the homopentameric structure of α9 nAChRs has been confirmed to play a major role in breast cancer and other cancer cells [8,11,19,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptors Associates with Human Breast Cancer and Mediates Antitumor Activity of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA

et al. 2020

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are membrane receptors and play a major role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we have investigated the differential expression of nAChR subunits in human breast cancer cell lines and breast epithelial cell lines at mRNA and protein levels and the effects of the αO-conotoxin GeXIVA, antagonist of α9α10 nAChR, on human breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that all nAChR subunits, except α6, were expressed in the 20 tested cell lines. Real time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) suggested that the mRNA of α5, α7, α9 and β4 nAChR subunits were overexpressed in all the breast cancer cell lines compared with the normal epithelial cell line HS578BST. α9 nAChR was highly expressed in almost all the breast cancer cell lines in comparison to normal cells. The different expression is prominent (p < 0.001) as determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting, except for MDA-MB-453 and HCC1395 cell lines. αO-conotoxin GeXIVA that targeted α9α10 nAChR were able to significantly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and merits further investigation as potential agents for targeted therapy. and non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), head, neck, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, liver, colon, breast, cervical, urinary bladder and kidney cancers [8][9][10][11][12]. Several nAChRs subunits, including α3, α7, α9 and β4, are extensively expressed in various tumor cells and they are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and angiogenesis [13][14][15][16]. For instance, previous research showed that suppression of α7-nAChRs by snake α-neurotoxins and curare reduced the growth of NSCLC tumor [17,18], Bychkov et al. also confirmed that Ly6/uPAR proteins like Lynx1 retard the cells in G0/1 and G2/M period, inhibit the proliferation and enhance the apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of α7-nAChRs in A549 cells [8]. Furthermore, α-conotoxin AuIB could inhibit small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) cell viability via α3/α5/β4-containing nAChRs [12]. As for α9 nAChRs, it is important for promoting cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cancer metastasis and apoptosis suppression during carcinogenesis in response to tumor microenvironments [9,19,20]. So, nAChR antagonists could potentially be used directly or in combination with established chemotherapeutic drugs to treat related cancers.As competitive antagonists of nAChRs, α-conotoxins (α-Ctxs), have been particularly useful in developing ligands that selectively target one nAChR subtype over another. Some of them have therapeutic potential [21][22][23][24][25]. αO-conotoxin GeXIVA was isolated from Conus generalis, which potently blocks α9α10 nAChR [26]. In vivo, it also displayed potent alleviation for neuropathic pain in one rat model [27,28]. Recently, our research also showed that GeXIVA contributed to the inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation [29]. αO-conotoxin GeXIVA have the potential for anticancer treatment both by t...

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“…The use of tobacco is related to the development of numerous pathologies, including lung cancer that represents the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, including both the male and the female population 30 . Regarding breast cancer, studies have demonstrated that not only active smoking, but also passive smoking, can predispose the individual to the risk of developing the disease 8,31 .…”

Section: Tobacco Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the thousands of chemical products found in tobacco, 69 different compounds are classified as carcinogenic, specifically, the 4-(methylnitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK) (Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone), considered the most aggressive nitrosamine among the ones present in tobacco 31 . NNK is found in cigars, cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, tobacco and in the smoke from these products, causing nitrosamines to affect not only the consumer, but also non-smokers or passive smokers exposed to environmental tobacco pollution 31 . On the other hand, environmental exposure to tobacco was criticized, and a meta-analysis published by Lee and Hamling assessed 47 studies.…”

Section: Tobacco Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors related to breast cancer development

Bastos¹

2019

Mastology

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O câncer de mama é uma doença que acomete mulheres em todo o mundo, sendo por isso um problema de saúde de preocupação global. Apesar dos avanços científicos e tecnológicos nas pesquisas básicas e nos estudos clínicos, o câncer de mama ainda apresenta inúmeras barreiras que necessitam ser transpostas, a fim de garantir melhor sobrevida às pacientes acometidas por essa doença. A atuação da ciência consiste não apenas em prever as melhores formas de tratamento, mas também de como evitar o aparecimento dos sintomas e, por consequência, do tumor. Artigos recentes discutem inúmeros fatores que podem contribuir para a iniciação e progressão tumoral. São considerados os hábitos sociais, como o ato de fumar, ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, dietas que contribuam para a hiperlipidemia ou aumento da disponibilidade de moléculas antagonistas que agem sobre a célula de modo a construir um microambiente favorável à tumorigênese. Além disso, fatores ligados ao histórico familiar e predisposição hereditária são importantes, apesar de explicar uma parcela mínima dos casos. Com isso, o presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar sobre fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis, relacionados com a progressão do câncer de mama. ABSTRACTBreast cancer is a disease that affects women worldwide, and therefore is a health problem of global concern. Despite scientific and technological advances in basic researches and in clinical studies, breast cancer still presents numerous obstacles that need to be overcome in order to ensure better survival for patients affected by this disease. Science's work is not only to predict the best methods of treatment, but also to prevent the onset of symptoms and, consequently, of the tumor. Recent articles discuss numerous factors which may contribute to tumor initiation and progression. They take into consideration social habits, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, diets that contribute to hyperlipidemia or increased availability of antagonist molecules that act on the cell in order to create a favorable microenvironment to tumorigenesis. In addition to that, factors related to family history and hereditary predisposition are important, even though they explain a minimal portion of cases. Thus, the purpose of this article is to address modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, related to breast cancer progression.

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The Role of Nitrosamine (NNK) in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis

Cited by 38 publications

References 127 publications

Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment

Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment

Differential Expression of Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptors Associates with Human Breast Cancer and Mediates Antitumor Activity of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA

Risk factors related to breast cancer development

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