The Role of Non‐Metallic and Metalloid Elements on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobalt and Nickel Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Masa, Justus; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1002/cctc.201901151

Cited by 100 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…However, in monometal borides/borates, the higher OER rate is only explained in context of surface metal oxide/hydroxide formation, with no clarity over the role of boron, unlike HER where the role of boron as a “sacrificial” electron donor is clearly explained (in Section ). Recently, Masa and Schuhmann reviewed the role of nonmetals (N, P, S, Se) and metalloids (B, C, As, Te) in improving the OER activity of Co and Ni‐based electrocatalysts. For Co and Ni borides, they suggested a possibility that the surface boron species leach out in the electrolyte, creating pores on the catalyst surface and increasing the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), thereby improving OER rate.…”

Section: Origin Of Electrochemical Activity In Metal Boridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

Gupta

Patel

Miotello

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

335

243

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Electrocatalytic water-splitting has gained a firm hold in the area of renewable hydrogen production owing to its integrative compatibility with intermittent energy sources. However, wide-scale implementation of this technology demands discovery of new electrode materials that strike a good balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. In the pool of inexpensive electrodes capable of catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, metal borides/ borates have made a big splash in the last decade. However, the research in this family of electrocatalysts remains unorganized owing to the diversity of reports. This review summarizes the past and present research progress in metal borides/borates for electrocatalytic water-splitting. The fundamental reasons for electrochemical behavior in different metal borides/borates are highlighted here, also including some comments regarding erroneous practices in the performance evaluation of metal borides/borates. Various strategies used to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of metal borides/borates are discussed in detail. Different methods evolved over the years for the synthesis of metal borides/ borates are also discussed. Finally, an assessment of the commercial viability of metal borides/borates is made and future research directions are suggested. multimetal oxides, [18,19] layered double hydroxides, [20] oxyhydroxides, [21] and perovskites. [13,18] In addition to these, there has been the family of transition-metal borides/borates that have garnered enormous interest in the recent past. Though transition-metal borides (TMBs) have been used for water electrolysis since many decades, they were not really seen as potential candidates to replace noble metal catalysts, until recently. Indeed, in 2009, the group of Daniel Nocera reported in situ formed Co [22] and Ni [23] borates as analogous catalysts to Co phosphate, [24] for near-neutral water-splitting. Later, the groups of Hu [25] and Patel [26] reported development of Mo boride and Co boride, respectively, for electrocatalytic water splitting. Following these reports, transition-metal borides/ borates [27][28][29][30][31][32] were developed using various techniques and were used extensively for water-splitting reactions, in different pH solutions. Here, we would like to inform the readers that usually boron-based catalysts that are developed in situ using electrodeposition are referred to as "borates" (denoted as M-B i , M = metal) while those catalysts prepared by any other technique are referred to as "borides" (denoted as M-B). Over the past 5-6 years, a lot of studies have been carried out on borides/borates with remarkable results, presenting new possibilities in search for non-noble electrocatalysts. The electrochemical performance, stability and other important properties of all the metal borides reported so far are enlisted in Table 1 while that of metal borates are listed in Table 2. However, there are a lot of aspects that are not yet understood completely about borides/borates. For instance, the o...

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Section: Origin Of Electrochemical Activity In Metal Boridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Boride‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Water‐Splitting: A Review

Gupta

Patel

Miotello

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

335

243

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“…However, the reported products formed during oxidation are varied, ranging from oxo(hydroxo) species [ 47,96 ] to oxides [ 94,95 ] and phosphates. [ 47,95–97 ] Metal oxyhydroxides have been demonstrated to form a surface shell encapsulating the metal phosphide core, as particularly demonstrated by Stern et al, [ 98,99 ] while partial dephosphorization leads to formation of phosphate species of the remaining phosphorus at the surface. Based on the Pourbaix diagram in Figure a, the dephosphorization is reportedly carried out via conversion of P species to more soluble species at potentials higher than the OER potential, which is observed over a wide pH range.…”

Section: Amorphous Electrocatalysts For Oermentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth‐Abundant Amorphous Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Production: A Review

Zhang

Soo

Tan

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Electrochemical water splitting provides a promising approach to store renewable electricity in the form of hydrogen on a grand scale. However, the current techniques for large‐scale electrochemical hydrogen production rely on the use of expensive and scarce noble‐metal catalysts making it uncompetitive to traditional methods using fossil fuels. Thus, replacing noble‐metal electrocatalysts with cheap materials made of abundant elements holds the key to achieve the cost‐effectiveness. Recently, amorphous electrocatalysts emerged as promising candidates due to their unique physical and chemical properties compared with their crystalline counterparts leading to superior catalytic performance. Given the rapid advances made in the design, synthesis, and development of amorphous catalysts, namely monometallic and multimetallic borides, sulfides, phosphides, oxides, and hydroxides based on transition metals, the recent progress on compositional designs, microstructure, morphology, electronic properties, and interaction with host materials are reviewed critically. Special attention is paid to uncover the main strategies adopted in each material category and the underlying structure–property relationship that lead to improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances. As a result, guidance for the design and synthesis of novel amorphous electrocatalysts with high performance for large‐scale electrochemical water splitting application is provided.

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“…However, insights on the active structure of arsenide materials remain still unexplored and the structural and functional role of arsenic to catalyse the OER is thus meaningful to evaluate. 28 As most of the microcrystalline TM arsenides are prepared through high-temperature solid-state approaches, it is highly desirable to discover new synthetic strategies that could produce nanostructured arsenides with a larger surface area and distinct morphology. In this context, an effective pathway to synthesize independently amorphous and crystalline nanostructured materials has emerged in the last few years that utilizes the low-temperature decomposition of molecular single-source precursors (SSPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, pros for the investigation of TM arsenides as OER electro(pre)catalysts have recently been noted in the literature. 28 Encouraged by the potential suitability of FeAs in the electrocatalytic OER we focused on the following research questions: (1) could one establish a rational approach to the synthesis of monodisperse and ultra-small FeAs nanostructures from a molecular precursor with an Fe : As ratio of 1 : 1? (2) Is molecularly derived FeAs from (1) suitable for the OER and if so how does its catalytic activity compare to benchmark reference materials?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%