The Role of Optical Radiations in Skin Cancer

Abstract

Purpose. Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength in the range 100 nm to 1 mm is known as optical radiation and includes ultraviolet radiation, the visible spectrum, and infrared radiation. The deleterious short- and long-term biological effects of ultraviolet radiation, including melanoma and other skin cancers, are well recognized. Infrared radiation may also have damaging biological effects. Methods. The objective of this review was to assess the literature over the last 15 years and to summarize correlations between exposure to optical radiation and the risk of melanoma and other cancers. Results. There is a clear correlation between exposure to UV radiation and the development of skin cancer. Most importantly, a strong association between artificial UV radiation exposure, for example, tanning devices, and the risk of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma has been clearly demonstrated. There is no clear evidence that exposure to IR and laser radiation may increase the risk of skin cancer, although negative health effects have been observed. Conclusions. Preventative strategies that involve provision of public information highlighting the risks associated with exposure to sunlight remain important. In addition, precautionary measures that discourage exposure to tanning appliances are required, as is legislation to prevent their use during childhood.

K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma

“…[38][39][40] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) is a major environmental risk factor contributing to skin cancers, including melanoma. 25,41 Sources of UV include natural Abbreviations: HeRv-K, K-type human endogenous retroviral element; LTR, long terminal repeat; MiTF-M, M-isoform microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; Uv, ultraviolet; UvB, ultraviolet B; UvC, ultraviolet C.…”

“…UV radiation is divided into three categories, based on its wavelength: UVA (315-400 nm), UVB (280-315 nm), and UVC (100-280 nm). 41 Cutaneous absorption of both UVA and UVB can reach the dermis, whereas UVC is limited to the epidermis. Therefore, all the three wavelengths of UVR can reach melanocytes that are located in the basal layers of the epidermis.…”

“…Therefore, all the three wavelengths of UVR can reach melanocytes that are located in the basal layers of the epidermis. 41,42 UV radiation can cause mutations by direct interaction with DNA or indirectly through the generation of reactive oxygen species. 25,41 Expression of HERV-K sequences in melanocytes and melanoma cells can be regulated by UVR.…”

“…41,42 UV radiation can cause mutations by direct interaction with DNA or indirectly through the generation of reactive oxygen species. 25,41 Expression of HERV-K sequences in melanocytes and melanoma cells can be regulated by UVR. 33,43,44 Reiche et al 43 showed that after exposure to UVC, the expression of HERV-K was up-regulated in normal human epidermal melanocytes, but down-regulated or remained unchanged in melanoma cell lines.…”

Modelado computacional usando regresión lineal y simbólica α β para determinar ópticamente el tamaño del poro de la piel

“…La apariencia de los poros de la piel normalmente es causada por glándulas sebáceas hiperactivas, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha reportado que además se ve afectada por diversas enfermedades, entre ellas la diabetes [1], obesidad [2] o cáncer [3]. Generalmente los principales factores que contribuyen a la dilatación de los poros son la edad, género, acné, la exposición crónica al sol o la predispocisión genética.…”