The Role of Organic and Mineralogical Interaction Products in the Structure Forming and Humus Forming of the Basic Types of Soils in the Center of Russian Plain

Abstract

The modified variant of granulo-densimetric fractionating method allows us to separate the functionally valuable compounds of the soil organic matter (OM) with different localization within the soil matrix. It gives us an opportunity to specify their role in the soil forming processes, and also the factors, which regulate their forming and changes under the impact of the external conditions. The free (non-aggregated) OM, which is localized in space between aggregates, and stabilized OM in the composition of microaggregates. Such an approach allows us to assess the soil microstructure more validly. The two groups of microaggregates are separated in the soil. They are differed in the degree of sustainability to dispergating impact of ultrasound. There are also differences in the form, structure, composition and properties of organic and organo clayey compounds, and the type of stabilizing agents. The correlation between the microstructural organization and OM sustainability was set for the zonal range of basic soil types of Central Russia. It is revealed that the micro-agregation degree in the soil of the zonal range is increased due to the heaving of the soil texture, which reflects the dominating role of the organo-clayey particles in their forming. The difference between the sustainable and unsustainable microagregates is in the amount of these particles and in character of the organic compounds.

Bulk density and soil porosity in the Patchouli development area of Aceh Barat, Indonesia

“…Organic matter has an excellent role in the soil [19] [20]. Organic matter in the soil serves as a habitat and energy source for soil mycororganism, a source of nutrients for plants [21] [22] [23], and contains organic substances or compounds capable of forming soil aggregates to be more stable [24] [25]. Based on the results of field observations in patchouli development areas, a lot of patchouli plant biomass is simply wasted as organic waste after refining oil.…”

Changes in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the organic matter of the chernozems of the Kamennaya Steppe

“…Ключевые слова: жидкостная хроматография гидрофобного взаимодействия, гранулоденсиметрическое фракционирование почв, гидрофильность, гидрофобность, краевой угол смачивания. Abstract: Soil samples and physical size-density fractions isolated from them (silt particle size less than 1 µm, light fraction (LF) with a density of less than 2 g/cm 3 and a fraction of the residue) of ordinary chernozem were studied in three contrasting variants of the experimental fields of the Kamennaya Steppe agrolandscape of the Voronezh region: mowed steppe, long-term permanent bare fallow and permanent cornthe main differences of which are in tillage (cultivated and not cultivated lands) and in the supply/absence of plant residues and root secretions. The LF content changes in the series: "mowed steppe" > "permanent corn" > "permanent bare fallow", which corresponds to the direction of changes in the total carbon content of the soil and a decrease in the value of the contact angle of wetting (CA) of the surface of the solid phase of the studied chernozems.…”