The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Ylitalo, Gina M.; Stein, John E.; Hom, Torn; Johnson, Lyndal L.; Tilbury, Karen L.; Hall, Ailsa J.; Rowles, Teri; Greig, Denise J.; Lowenstine, Linda J.; Gulland, Frances M. D.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.005

Cited by 146 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…They are also transferred to the offspring during lactation as their highly lipophilic nature mean they are found at high levels in the milk. The levels of OCs in the blubber of CSLs diagnosed with UGC were found to be higher than in non-cancer animals [55]. However, confounding factors such as the effect of changing body condition on blubber lipid dynamics confuse the association, as blubber OC levels increase when blubber lipid is lost during chronic disease such as cancer.…”

Section: (C) Environmental Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Common cancer in a wild animal: the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) as an emerging model for carcinogenesis

Browning

Gulland

Hammond

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Naturally occurring cancers in non-laboratory species have great potential in helping to decipher the often complex causes of neoplasia. Wild animal models could add substantially to our understanding of carcinogenesis, particularly of genetic and environmental interactions, but they are currently underutilized. Studying neoplasia in wild animals is difficult and especially challenging in marine mammals owing to their inaccessibility, lack of exposure history, and ethical, logistical and legal limits on experimentation. Despite this, California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) offer an opportunity to investigate risk factors for neoplasia development that have implications for terrestrial mammals and humans who share much of their environment and diet. A relatively accessible California sea lion population on the west coast of the USA has a high prevalence of urogenital carcinoma and is regularly sampled during veterinary care in wildlife rehabilitation centres. Collaborative studies have revealed that genotype, persistent organic pollutants and a herpesvirus are all associated with this cancer. This paper reviews research to date on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urogenital carcinoma in this species, and presents the California sea lion as an important and currently underexploited wild animal model of carcinogenesis.

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Section: (C) Environmental Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Common cancer in a wild animal: the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) as an emerging model for carcinogenesis

Browning

Gulland

Hammond

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…All POP concentrations reported in this paper have been lipid-normalized. (Table 3) POP concentrations in selected putative prey species of killer whales were obtained from a number of sources: whole bodies of California Chinook salmon Ylitalo et al, 2005a); blubber of gray whales ); blubber of California sea lions (necropsy) (Ylitalo et al, 2005b); whole bodies of Cook Inlet Chinook (NMFS, unpublished data); and blubber of Steller sea lion pups (biopsy) from Prince William Sound (NMFS, unpublished data), harbor seals from the Aleutian Islands and near Homer, Alaska (NMFS, unpublished data) and northern fur seals (necropsy) from the Pribilof Islands (NMFS, unpublished data).…”

Section: Persistent Organic Pollutant Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chemical tracers in assessing the diet and foraging regions of eastern North Pacific killer whales

Krahn

Herman

Matkin³

et al. 2007

Marine Environmental Research

119

118

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Top predators in the marine environment integrate chemical signals acquired from their prey that reflect both the species consumed and the regions from which the prey were taken. These chemical tracers-stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen; persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations, patterns and ratios; and fatty acid profiles-were measured in blubber biopsy samples from North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca) (n = 84) and were used to provide further insight into their diet, particularly for the offshore group, about which little dietary information is available. The offshore killer whales were shown to consume prey species that were distinctly different from those of sympatric resident and transient killer whales. In addition, it was confirmed that the offshores forage as far south as California. Thus, these results provide evidence that the offshores belong to a third killer whale ecotype. Resident killer whale populations showed a gradient in stable isotope profiles from west (central Aleutians) to east (Gulf of Alaska) that, in part, can be attributed to a shift from off-shelf to continental shelf-based prey. Finally, stable isotope ratio results, supported by field

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“…California sea lions are a marine mammal that inhabits coastal areas of the eastern North Pacific Ocean, and, because of its close association with urban near-shore areas, has been used in previous studies as a sentinel of environmental contamination by persistent organochlorine pollutants [26][27][28] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of HBCD, PBDEs and MeO-BDEs in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003

Stapleton

Dodder

Kucklick

et al. 2006

Marine Pollution Bulletin

147

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Blubber samples from male California sea lions (Zalphophus californianus)stranded between 1993 and 2003 were analyzed for 27 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, three isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 14 methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (MeO-BDE) congeners. Total PBDEs ranged from 450 ng/g to 4740 ng/g wet mass and total HBCD ranged from <0.3 ng/g to 12 ng/g wet mass. The concentration of HBCD increased from 0.7 ng/g to12.0 ng/g wet mass in sea lion blubber between 1993 and 2003. However, no significant temporal trend was observed for any of the other brominated compounds over this ten year period.Only one of the 14 MeO-BDE congeners was detected in the blubber samples, 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-MeO-BDE 47), and concentrations ranged from <0.2 ng/g to 12 ng/g wet mass. A bromo-, chloro-heterocyclic compound, 1,1'-dimethyl-tetrabromo-dichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (DBP-Br 4 Cl 2 ), previously reported in marine species along the Pacific coast, was also identified in the sea lion blubber. DBP-1 Br 4 Cl 2 ranged from 44 ng/g wet mass to 660 ng/g wet mass and was present at concentrations rivaling the dominant PBDE congener, BDE 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether). Concentrations of DBP-Br 4 Cl 2 were positively correlated with 6-MeO-BDE 47 (r= 0.7; p<0.05). Both of these compounds have been identified in marine algae and sponges, and studies suggest they are both produced from natural sources. This study demonstrates that brominated compounds from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources can accumulate to similar levels in marine mammals. In addition, HBCD concentrations appear to be increasing in California sea lion populations, whereas PBDE concentrations, between 1993 and 2003, were highly variable.

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The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Cited by 146 publications

References 56 publications

Common cancer in a wild animal: the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) as an emerging model for carcinogenesis

Common cancer in a wild animal: the California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) as an emerging model for carcinogenesis

Use of chemical tracers in assessing the diet and foraging regions of eastern North Pacific killer whales

Determination of HBCD, PBDEs and MeO-BDEs in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded between 1993 and 2003

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