The role of parasite release in invasion of the USA by European slugs

Ross, Jonathan M.; Ivanova, Elena S.; Severns, Paul M.; Wilson, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9467-7

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…MacLeod et al 2010;Mitchell and Power 2003;Ross et al 2010). Table 1 versus the mean number of these native parasites recorded per population in the introduced range, and their relationships according to linear regression (species: R 2 = 0.23, F 1,5 = 1.50, P [ 0.05); genus: R 2 = 0.16, F 1,5 = 1.01, P [ 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torchin and Mitchell (2004) suggested that when a species is introduced, it escapes at least 75 % of their parasites from their native range and thus will gain substantial benefits regarding their fitness and survival in the invasive range (Torchin et al 2003). The enemy release hypothesis has been used as the basis to explain the invasion success of a diverse range of species, including non-native slugs (Ross et al 2010), mosquitoes (Aliabadi and Juliano 2002) and frogs (Marr et al 2008). In fish, for two introduced fish species (Apollonia melanostoma and Proterorhinus semilunaris) in the North American Great Lakes, parasite diversity in both species was considerably lower than their native range, despite them also being present for approximately 100 years (Kvach and Stephien 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasites of non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales suggest enemy release and parasite acquisition

et al. 2015

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When non-native species are introduced into a new range, their parasites can also be introduced, with these potentially spilling-over into native hosts. However, in general, evidence suggests that a high proportion of their native parasites are lost during introduction and infections by some new parasites from the native range might occur, potentially resulting in parasite spill-back to native species. These processes were investigated here using parasite surveys and literature review on seven non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales. Comparison of the mean numbers of parasite species and genera per population for each fish species England and Wales with their native ranges revealed\9 % of the native parasite fauna were present in their populations in England and Wales. There was no evidence suggesting these introduced parasites had spilled over into sympatric native fishes. The non-native fishes did acquire parasites following their introduction, providing potential for parasite spill-back to sympatric fishes, and resulted in non-significant differences in overall mean numbers of parasites per populations between the two ranges. Through this acquisition, the non-native fishes also had mean numbers of parasite species and genera per population that were not significantly different to sympatric native fishes. Thus, the non-native fishes in England and Wales showed evidence of enemy release, acquired new parasites following introduction providing potential for spill-back, but showed no evidence of parasite spill-over.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales suggest enemy release and parasite acquisition

et al. 2015

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“…parasitising slugs in the UK To investigate relationships between nematodes and temperature under field conditions, data from an October 2005 study of parasites in slugs in the UK were re-examined. The host association data have been published previously but did not take into account potential climate effects on parasitism (Ross et al 2010a) or prevalence of parasites at sampled sites. For the current study, we analysed the eight sites at which Phasmarhabditis spp.…”

Section: Reproductive Potential Of P Hermaphrodita At Different Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of commercial application, it is likely that P. hermaphrodita exerts natural control on slugs in its European home range as it is common and widespread ). However, three fairly widespread searches in the USA failed to find P. hermaphrodita or any other slugparasitic member of the genus Phasmarhabditis (Grewal et al 2000;Kaya and Mitani 2000;Ross et al 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive slug pests and their parasites—temperature responses and potential implications of climate change

et al. 2015

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It is generally accepted that climate change is likely to disrupt host-parasite relationships, but little consideration has been given to how this may affect agricultural pests. Here, we study the potential influence of climate change on the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum and its nematode parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. The European slug D. reticulatum is a major pest of agriculture and has become invasive in many countries throughout the world, including the Americas, Asia and Australasia. P. hermaphrodita strongly inhibits feeding and causes mortality in host slugs. The parasite is widely distributed in the slugs' native range but is very rare in some countries where the slug is invasive, for example the USA. The influence of temperature on D. reticulatum has been studied previously but the temperature response of P. hermaphrodita is unknown. The current study showed that while host and parasite have similar optimum growth temperatures, the parasite is much less tolerant of temperatures above optimum than the host. As a result, when parasites were present, slug feeding increased significantly above the slug's optimum of 14 up to 24°C as the inhibitory effect of the parasites lessened. Conversely, in the absence of parasites, slug feeding significantly decreased over the same temperature range. This finding suggests that given adequate moisture, rising temperatures may increase slug problems in D. reticulatum's European home range, but possibly reduce problems in invasive territories such as the USA. The relationship between high temperatures and poor parasite performance is supported by studying prevalence of Phasmarhabditis spp. in the UK where a significant negative relationship exists between the mean summer high temperature and parasite prevalence.

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“…This could be due to advantages A. rufus has in its non-native range which the species does not have in its native range, such as release from nematodes as has been shown for several species of the genus Arion (Ross et al 2010). In addition, it also could be that A. rufus belongs to a cryptic species complex which includes forms/species differing in their invasion potential as has recently been shown for the complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus (Pinceel et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity of two sympatric slugs: implications for the invasion success of terrestrial invertebrates

Knop¹,

Rindlisbacher²,

Ryser³

et al. 2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. A central focus of invasion biology is to identify the traits that predict which introduced species will become invasive. Behavioral traits related to locomotor activity most likely play a pivotal role in determining a species' invasion success but have rarely been studied, particularly in terrestrial invertebrates. Here, we experimentally investigated the small-scale locomotor activity of two slug species with divergent invasion success in Europe, the highly invasive slug, Arion lusitanicus, and the closely related, non-invasive and native slug, Arion rufus. To do so, we used a multi-state capture-mark-recapture approach, and hypothesized that the invasive slug has a higher moving rate (keeps on moving) and leaving rate (leaves more frequently known places). A total of 221 invasive and 241 non-invasive slugs were individually marked using magnetic transponders and released in three study sites differing in habitat type. The slugs were recaptured using shelter traps, and moving and leaving rates were estimated. Both rates were significantly higher for the invasive slug, demonstrating a higher locomotor activity which might partly explain its invasion success. Our results provide evidence for the recently suggested idea that locomotor activity might be an important trait underlying animal invasions using for the first time terrestrial invertebrates.

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The role of parasite release in invasion of the USA by European slugs

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Parasites of non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales suggest enemy release and parasite acquisition

Parasites of non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales suggest enemy release and parasite acquisition

Invasive slug pests and their parasites—temperature responses and potential implications of climate change

Locomotor activity of two sympatric slugs: implications for the invasion success of terrestrial invertebrates

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