The Role of Parents and Peers in the Transition From University to Work Life

Abstract

This longitudinal study addresses the role of support given by parents and peers during the transition from university to work life. A sample of 64 German university students in their last year at the university completed scales from the Network of Relationships Inventory regarding general support, namely, instrumental aid and intimacy with mothers, fathers, romantic partners, and friends. Four years later, they assessed domain-specific support when looking for work, namely, joint exploration and instrumental support. Participants perceived receiving both types of support from all significant others. However, joint exploration was more important than instrumental support. They felt especially supported by romantic partners. Women received more support than did men. Both types of domainspecific support were explained by general modes of support assessed 4 years earlier. Whether parents, friends, and partners were perceived as helpful during the transition was explained mainly by joint exploration. Again, support from a partner was seen as especially helpful in contrast to help from parents and friends. The special significance of joint exploration underlines the benefit of counseling at the transition from university to work life.

Parenting Styles, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, and Career Exploration Behavior in Vocational High-School Students [Pola Asuh Orangtua, Efikasi-Diri Keputusan Karier, dan Perilaku Eksplorasi Karier pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan]

“…In the relation of adolescence developmental stage, parents remain the ones who play a major role in their children's career development, although the social sphere is increasingly expanding and more interacting with friends. Parents is also a factor that is much tested for its relevance to children's career development (Buhl et al, 2017;Dietrich & Salmela-Aro, 2013;Garcia et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2016).…”

“…Based on several previous studies summarized by Dietrich and Salmela-Aro (2013) and Buhl et al (2017), parents who adopt authoritative parenting style and concern with parent-child relationships generally provide conditions that help their child's career exploration and school-to-work transition. Meanwhile, parents who adopt authoritarian parenting style (show less warmth or affection, too involved and demanding) generally have a negative influence on children's career exploration (Biddle, 2016;LeBlanc, 2018).…”

“…These studies results lead to the expected effect of each parenting styles on CDSE and further to career exploration behavior in this study. Studies showed that adolescents who perceive their parents to adopt authoritative parenting have high CDSE (Buhl et al, 2017;Preston & Salim, 2019;Sianipar & Sawitri, 2015), and thus it is expected that authoritative parenting would influence career exploration behavior through CDSE. The results of research on the influence of authoritarian parenting styles tend to vary.…”

“…Dalam kaitannya dengan tahap perkembangan anak SMK yang berada di tahap remaja, meskipun lingkup sosialnya semakin meluas dan lebih banyak berinteraksi dengan teman, orangtua tetap menjadi pihak yang berperan besar dalam perkembangan karier anaknya. Peran orang tua juga merupakan faktor yang banyak diuji keterkaitannya dengan perkembangan karier anak (Buhl et al, 2017;Dietrich & Salmela-Aro, 2013;Garcia et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2016).…”

“…Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya yang dirangkum oleh Dietrich dan Salmela-Aro (2013) dan Buhl et al (2017), orangtua yang menerapkan pengasuhan otoritatif dan yang peduli dengan hubungan orangtua-anak umumnya memberikan kondisi yang membantu eksplorasi karier dan transisi sekolah-kekerja anak remajanya. Sedangkan, orangtua yang terlalu banyak terlibat, menekankan kontrol perilaku dan psikologis pada anak, dan kurang menunjukkan kehangatan atau kasih sayang yang mencirikan pola asuh otoritarian ditemukan berpengaruh negatif pada eksplorasi karier anak (Biddle, 2016;LeBlanc, 2018 kurang terlibat, dan kurang menuntut kematangan dan kontrol terhadap perilaku anak, yang mencirikan pola asuh permisif, cenderung berdampak dua arah karena anak bebas bereksplorasi namun kurang terarah.…”