The Role of Phosphatidylglycerol in Photosynthesis

Wada, Hajime; Mizusawa, Naoki

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_11

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Yet, studies with model cyanobacteria indicate that there is an obligate requirement for at least a minute fraction of phospholipids (Sakurai et al 2006), a characteristic that presumably carries over to all phytoplankton. Phospholipids are located almost exclusively in membranes, but have myriad functions in addition to acting as structural membrane components (Sakurai et al 2006;Zhang and Rock 2008;Wada and Mizusawa 2009). The UVdependent oxidation of phospholipid acyl moieties is a potentially significant abiotic damage mechanism in marine microbes (Collins et al 2018a), but the impact on phosphorus-containing head-groups is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid turnover rates suggest that bacterial community growth rates in the open ocean are systematically underestimated

Popendorf

Koblížek

Mooy

2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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Heterotrophic bacteria in the surface ocean play a critical role in the global carbon cycle and the magnitude of this role depends on their growth rates. Although methods for determining bacterial community growth rates based on incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine and leucine are widely accepted, they are based on a number of assumptions and simplifications. We sought to independently assess these methods by comparing bacterial growth rates to turnover rates of bacterial membranes using previously published methods in a range of openocean settings. We found that turnover rates for heterotrophic bacterial phospholipids averaged 0.80 AE 0.35 d −1. This was supported by independent measurements of turnover rates of a membrane-bound pigment in photoheterotrophic bacteria, bacteriochlorophyll a (0.85 AE 0.09 d −1). By contrast, bacterial growth rates measured by uptake of radiolabeled thymidine and leucine were 0.12 AE 0.08 d −1 , well within the range expected from the literature. We explored whether the discrepancies between phospholipid turnover rates and bacterial growth rate could be explained by membrane recycling/remodeling and other factors, but were left to conclude that the radiolabeled thymidine and leucine incorporation methods substantially underestimated actual bacterial growth rates. We use a simple model to show that the faster bacterial growth rates we observed can be accommodated within the constraints of the microbial carbon budget if bacteria are smaller than currently thought, grow with greater efficiency, or some combination of these two factors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid turnover rates suggest that bacterial community growth rates in the open ocean are systematically underestimated

Popendorf

Koblížek

Mooy

2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…WH7803 does not acclimate to temperature variations by modifying the polar lipid head groups in the membranes. MGDG was always the dominant lipid, followed by DGDG, SQDG and PG, as commonly described in freshwater cyanobacteria and eukaryotic chloroplasts (see e.g., Murata et al ., ; Somerville et al ., ; Dormann and Holzl, ; Wada and Mizusawa, ; Shimojima et al ., ; Awai, ). Our data are thus somewhat at odds with studies by Van Mooy and colleagues (, ) that describe marine Synechococcus , Prochlorococcus and the model freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermoacclimation and genome adaptation of the membrane lipidome in marine Synechococcus

Pittera

Jouhet

Breton

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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The marine cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus are important primary producers, displaying a wide latitudinal distribution that is underpinned by diversification into temperature ecotypes. The physiological basis underlying these ecotypes is poorly known. In many organisms, regulation of membrane fluidity is crucial for acclimating to variations in temperature. Here, we reveal the detailed composition of the membrane lipidome of the model strain Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and its response to temperature variation. Unlike freshwater strains, membranes are almost devoid of C18, mainly containing C14 and C16 chains with no more than two unsaturations. In response to cold, we observed a rarely observed process of acyl chain shortening that likely induces membrane thinning, along with specific desaturation activities. Both of these mechanisms likely regulate membrane fluidity, facilitating the maintenance of efficient photosynthetic activity. A comprehensive examination of 53 Synechococcus genomes revealed clade-specific gene sets regulating membrane lipids. In particular, the genes encoding desaturase enzymes, which is a key to the temperature stress response, appeared to be temperature ecotype-specific, with some of them originating from lateral transfers. Our study suggests that regulation of membrane fluidity has been among the important adaptation processes for the colonization of different thermal niches by marine Synechococcus.

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“…The phospholipid PG showed a significant reduction in abundance as a function of biomass in nutrient-limited cultures. Since studies have demonstrated that PG is essential for growth of higher plants and cyanobacteria and for the photosynthetic transport of electrons and the development of chloroplasts [6], a reduction under nutrient-limited conditions may be anticipated. However, this is in contrast to the findings of Martin et al [57], who demonstrated elevated concentrations of PG in both Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike MGDG and DGDG, evidence suggests that SQDG has no specific role in photosynthesis but can act as a substituent for phospholipid under conditions of phosphate limitation [5]. Of the phospholipids, PG is essential for growth and for the photosynthetic transport of electrons and the development of chloroplasts [6]. PE is a nitrogen-containing non-bilayer forming lipid, constituting up to 50% of mitochondrial membrane lipids [7], and has been shown to have an activate role in the xanthophyll cycle [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Polar Lipid Profiles in Chlorella sp. in Response to Nutrient Limitation

et al. 2019

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We evaluate the effects of nutrient limitation on cellular composition of polar lipid classes/species in Chlorella sp. using modern polar lipidomic profiling methods (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS). Total polar lipid concentration was highest in nutrient-replete (HN) cultures with a significant reduction in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) class concentrations for nutrient-deplete (LN) cultures. Moreover, reductions in the abundance of MGDG relative to total polar lipids versus an increase in the relative abundance of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were recorded in LN cultures. In HN cultures, polar lipid species composition remained relatively constant throughout culture with high degrees of unsaturation associated with acyl moieties. Conversely, in LN cultures lipid species composition shifted towards greater saturation of acyl moieties. Multivariate analyses revealed that changes in the abundance of a number of species contributed to the dissimilarity between LN and HN cultures but with dominant effects from certain species, e.g., reduction in MGDG 34:7 (18:3/16:4). Results demonstrate that Chlorella sp. significantly alters its polar lipidome in response to nutrient limitation, and this is discussed in terms of physiological significance and polar lipids production for applied microalgal production systems.

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The Role of Phosphatidylglycerol in Photosynthesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 127 publications

Phospholipid turnover rates suggest that bacterial community growth rates in the open ocean are systematically underestimated

Phospholipid turnover rates suggest that bacterial community growth rates in the open ocean are systematically underestimated

Thermoacclimation and genome adaptation of the membrane lipidome in marine Synechococcus

Modulation of Polar Lipid Profiles in Chlorella sp. in Response to Nutrient Limitation

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