The Role of Phytotoxins in Specificity

Wheeler, Harry

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2769-1_14

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The severity of turcicum leaf blight was recorded at the dough stage of crop growth (90–95 days after sowing) using modified 0–9 disease rating scale 83 on ten randomly selected plants. A further per cent disease index was calculated using the following formula 84 . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable intensification of climate-resilient maize–chickpea system in semi-arid tropics through assessing factor productivity

Salakinkop,

Talekar,

Patil

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Global trends show that the rapid increase in maize production is associated more with the expansion of maize growing areas than with rapid increases in yield. This is possible through achieving possible higher productivity through maize production practices intensification to meet the sustainable production. Therefore, a field experiment on “Ecological intensification of climate-resilient maize–chickpea cropping system” was conducted during consecutive three years from 2017–2018 to 2019–2020 at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Results of three years pooled data revealed that ecological intensification (EI) treatment which comprises of all best management practices resulted in higher grain yield (7560 kg/ha) and stover yield compared to farmers’ practice (FP) and all other treatments which were deficit in one or other crop management practices. Similarly, in the succeeding winter season, significantly higher chickpea yield (797 kg/ha) was recorded in EI. Further EI practice recorded significant amount of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron after completion of third cycle of experimentation (0.60%, 235.3 kg/ha,21.0 kg/ha,363.2 kg/ha,0.52 ppm and 5.2 ppm respectively). Soil enzymatic activity was also improved in EI practice over the years and improvement in each year was significant. Lower input energy use was in FP (17,855.2 MJ/ha). Whereas total output energy produced was the highest in EI practice (220,590 MJ ha−1) and lower output energy was recorded in EI–integrated nutrient management (INM) (149,255 MJ/ha). Lower energy productivity was noticed in EI-INM. Lower specific energy was recorded in FP and was followed by EI practice. Whereas higher specific energy was noticed is EI–INM. Each individual year and pooled data showed that EI practice recorded higher net return and benefit–cost ratio. The lower net returns were obtained in EI-integrated weed management (Rs. 51354.7/ha), EI-recommended irrigation management (Rs. 56,015.3/ha), integrated pest management (Rs. 59,569.7/ha) and farmers’ practice (Rs. 67,357.7/ha) which were on par with others.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable intensification of climate-resilient maize–chickpea system in semi-arid tropics through assessing factor productivity

Salakinkop,

Talekar,

Patil

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In several cases -especially if they are produced during the early stages of plant disease development -these compounds have a function in pathogenesis and cause part or even all of the symptoms of the disease (4,5,20). Sometimes, virulence of the pathogen is correlated with its ability to be toxigenic, e. g., to produce one or more toxins and to use them as a main chemical weapon (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)18,22). A limited number of phytotoxins, the so-called host-selective (or host-specific) toxins, are toxic to plant species or cultivars that are susceptible to the pathogens producing these toxins; resistant plants are not damaged, at least at physiological concentrations of the toxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis

Graniti¹,

Durbin²,

Ballio³

1991

Cell to Cell Signals in Plants and Animals

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“…Specificity in plant diseases operates at several levels and through various mechanisms. Explanations of specificity at the molecular level are, at present, confined to diseases in which host-selective toxins have been implicated (WHEELER 1975). It appears that almost all plant pathogens that can be grown in culture produce enzymes that degrade one or more of the polysaccharides of plant cell walls.…”

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confidence: 99%