The role of proximal intentions in self-regulation of refractory behavior

Bandura, Albert; Simon, Karen M.

doi:10.1007/bf01186792

Cited by 279 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Longer-term planning was expressed more frequently by clinicians than by patients or their families. Although empirical work testing the effect of goal time frames on task performance is inconclusive, 2,20,21 clinical judgment suggests that it can be an important determinant of goal achievement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomy for goal setting in the care of persons with dementia

1998

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OBJECTIVE: Develop a taxonomy for understanding and classifying goals in the care of persons with dementia. DESIGN:Qualitative study using open-ended interviews with key informants and the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. SETTING:The geriatric assessment center at a large academic medical center in Connecticut.PARTICIPANTS: Key informant interviews with 36 subjects: consecutive patients receiving geriatric assessment at the center and their primary family caregivers, case managers, and physicians of patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Goals, or desired outcomes, for the patient's care as described by patients, primary family caregivers, case managers, and physicians were the main measurements. Participant interviews were conducted until the point of theoretical saturation, i.e., until further interviews no longer provided new concepts. All participants articulated at least one goal. Specific goals were characterized by a limited number of goal attributes resulting in a taxonomy, or consistent classification system, for reported goals. These attributes include domain (or content), specificity, time frame, and level of challenge. CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggested that patients, primary family caregivers, and clinicians can articulate goals of care and may bring differing perspectives to the goal-setting process. The research identified a taxonomy that may facilitate negotiation of goals by revealing important, and perhaps overlooked, aspects of goals and the goal-setting process.KEY WORDS: goals; health care preferences; taxonomy; classification; dementia. J GEN INTERN MED 1998;13:675-680.A n effective clinician must know what she or he is trying to accomplish and would find it difficult to deliver appropriate health care without knowing the goals of care. Similarly, patients and their families may be unable to participate meaningfully in their own health care without understanding the goals of care. Goals are particularly important in the care of persons with dementia for several reasons. As in the care of patients with other chronic conditions, the predominant objective in the care of persons with dementia is adaptation to the condition rather than cure of the disease. Because the meaning of adaptation to dementia and related disability is multifaceted and subjective, goals of care may be less clear and less well articulated than for cases in which curing disease is an option. Further, because dementia deprives many patients of their cognitive ability to participate meaningfully in decision making, family members and clinicians often must develop plans of care without explicit knowledge of the patient's goals. The involvement of multiple caregivers adds complexity and the potential for conflicts in goals. Unless goals are made explicit, caregivers and clinicians may be unable to negotiate shared goals and lack the guidance of specific targets for their actions.Previous work has demonstrated the theoretical importance of goals as pervasive organizing and motivating forces for human b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomy for goal setting in the care of persons with dementia

1998

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“…The review presented previously provided some support for the notion that goal proximity enhances self-regulation in knowledge acquisition paradigms by keeping goal difficulty more calibrated to current skills and constant over time (e.g., Bandura & Schunk, 1981;Bandura & Simon, 1977;Earley et al, 1989;Latham & Seijts, 1999;Manderlink & Harackiewicz, 1984). However, this research has been conducted almost entirely with difficult and specific performance goals.…”

Section: Congruent and Incongruent Goal Frame And Goal Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling achievement orientation and goal setting: Effects on self-regulatory processes.

Kozlowski

Bell

2006

Journal of Applied Psychology

178

174

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The Heckhausen and Kuhl (1985) goal typology provided the conceptual foundation for this research, which examined the independent and integrated effects of achievement orientation and goal setting approaches on trainees' self-regulatory activity. Using a complex computer-based simulation, the authors examined the effects of three training design factors cutting across these two theoretical domains -goal frame, goal content, and goal proximity -on the nature, focus, and quality of the self-regulatory activities of 524 trainees. Results revealed that all three factors had a significant influence on self-regulation, with goal content exhibiting the greatest influence. In line with expectations, congruent learning frame and content relative to congruent performance frame and content was beneficial for trainees' self-regulatory activity, incongruent combinations of goal frame and content were better than congruent performance frames and content, and effects for the incongruent combinations cutting across the domains were asymmetrical. Theoretical extensions for further disentangling these distinct domains and training design implications are discussed. Achievement Orientation and Goal Setting AbstractThe Heckhausen and Kuhl (1985) goal typology provided the conceptual foundation for this research, which examined the independent and integrated effects of achievement orientation and goal setting approaches on trainees' self-regulatory activity. Using a complex computerbased simulation, the authors examined the effects of three training design factors cutting across these two theoretical domains -goal frame, goal content, and goal proximity -on the nature, focus, and quality of the self-regulatory activities of 524 trainees. Results revealed that all three factors had a significant influence on self-regulation, with goal content exhibiting the greatest influence. In line with expectations, congruent learning frame and content relative to congruent performance frame and content was beneficial for trainees' self-regulatory activity, incongruent combinations of goal frame and content were better than congruent performance frames and content, and effects for the incongruent combinations cutting across the domains were asymmetrical. Theoretical extensions for further disentangling these distinct domains and training design implications are discussed. Achievement Orientation and Goal Setting 3Disentangling Achievement Orientation and Goal Setting: Effects on Self-Regulatory ProcessesOver the last decade or so, training research has examined a variety of interventions designed to influence the nature, focus, and quality of self-regulatory processes which, in turn, have been shown to have beneficial effects on trainee motivation, learning, and performance.As a result, this type of research has advanced understanding with respect to how to design effective interventions for training complex skills (Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2001). One limitation of this work, however, is that it has drawn upon related but distinctly differ...

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“…Bu aşamalar, obez hastaların tedavisinde de kullanılmaktadır. [55] Bu noktada Amaçlar www.cappsy.org amaç belirlemenin fazla kiloların kaybına yardımcı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.…”

Section: Amaçların Alana öZel Müdahale Programlarının Bir Parçası Olmasıunclassified

Goals: A Significant Tool for Protection of Mental and Physical Health

Eryılmaz¹

2012

Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychia

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ÖZETİnsanlar; yaşama bağlanıp, fiziksel ve ruhsal açıdan sağlıklı olup, mutlu bir şekilde yaşamı sürdürmeyi istemektedirler. Bu süreçte onların bir takım araçlara ihtiyaçlar vardır. Amaçlar da bu araçlardan biridir. Amaçlar, bireylerin problemlerini zamanında fark etmelerine yardımcı olarak, sağlıklı çözümler üretmelerine yardımcı olur. Amaçlar, insanların yaşamlarına yön vermekle birlikte onların karmaşadan kurtulmalarına da yardım eder. Bir başka deyişle, amaçlar bireylerin mücadele ettikleri konulara motive olmalarına yardımcı olur. Tüm bunların yanında amaçlar, bireylerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlıkları için önemli bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada amaçların psikoloji tarihindeki yerine, amaçların tanımlanmasına, amaç çeşitlerine, amaçların yaşama aktarılmasına, amaç ve kültür ilişkisine, amaç temelli müdahale programlarına, ulusal literatürde amaçların ele alınışına ve son olarak ruh sağlığı ile amaçlar arasındaki ilişkilere değinilmiştir. Sonuç olarak pek çok bilimsel disiplin alanı, bireylerin ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlıklarını daha olumluya götürmek adına amaçlardan faydalanabilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Amaçlar,ruh sağlığı,beden sağlığı ABSTRACTHuman beings want to have mental and physical health, attach to life, and also have a happy life. In this process, they need several tools. The goals are the most important tool for a happy and healthy life. Goals help individuals become aware of problems in a timely fashion, which in turn leads to healthy solutions. Goals give direction for life of an individual, and also help avoid chaos. Goals can help motivate individual by clarifying and communicating what the individual is striving to achieve. In addition to these, goals are important determinants for physical and mental health. In this article, the history of goals in psychology, definition of goals, types of goals, transferring of

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The role of proximal intentions in self-regulation of refractory behavior

Cited by 279 publications

References 9 publications

A taxonomy for goal setting in the care of persons with dementia

A taxonomy for goal setting in the care of persons with dementia

Disentangling achievement orientation and goal setting: Effects on self-regulatory processes.

Goals: A Significant Tool for Protection of Mental and Physical Health

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